Cancer statistics for African American/Black People 2022
Cancer statistics for African American/Black People 2022
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DOI：
10.3322/caac.21718
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发表时间：
2022-02-10
影响因子：
254.7
通讯作者：
Siegel, Rebecca L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Giaquinto, Angela N.;Miller, Kimberly D.;Siegel, Rebecca L.
非裔美国人/黑人个体的癌症负担不成比例，包括大多数癌症的任何种族/族裔群体的最高死亡率和最低生存率。每3年，美国癌症协会估计美国黑人的新发癌症病例和死亡人数，并使用国家癌症研究所和疾病控制和预防中心基于人群的数据汇编有关癌症发病率（本文至2018年），死亡率（至2019年），生存率，筛查和风险因素的最新数据。到2022年，美国黑人中将有大约224，080例新发癌症病例和73，680例癌症死亡。在最近的5年期间，黑人男性的发病率比白色男性高6%，但死亡率比白人男性高19%，其中骨髓瘤、胃癌和前列腺癌的死亡风险约高2倍。黑人和白色男性之间的总体癌症死亡率差距正在缩小，因为黑人男性肺癌和前列腺癌的死亡率下降幅度更大。然而，黑人男性前列腺癌死亡率的下降从2010年至2014年的每年5%放缓至2015年至2019年的1.3%，这可能反映了自2012年以来晚期诊断每年增加5%。黑人妇女的发病率比白色妇女低8%，但死亡率高12%;此外，尽管发病率相似或较低，但子宫内膜癌的死亡率高2倍，乳腺癌的死亡率高41%。乳腺癌的广泛差异反映了晚期诊断（57%局限期vs 67%白色女性）和较低的5年总体生存率（分别为82% vs 92%）以及疾病的每个阶段（例如，远处阶段分别为20% vs 30%）。乳腺癌超过肺癌，成为2019年黑人女性癌症死亡的主要原因。需要有针对性的干预措施来减少黑人社区中严重的癌症不平等。
African American/Black individuals have a disproportionate cancer burden, including the highest mortality and the lowest survival of any racial/ethnic group for most cancers. Every 3 years, the American Cancer Society estimates the number of new cancer cases and deaths for Black people in the United States and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence (herein through 2018), mortality (through 2019), survival, screening, and risk factors using population-based data from the National Cancer Institute and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In 2022, there will be approximately 224,080 new cancer cases and 73,680 cancer deaths among Black people in the United States. During the most recent 5-year period, Black men had a 6% higher incidence rate but 19% higher mortality than White men overall, including an approximately 2-fold higher risk of death from myeloma, stomach cancer, and prostate cancer. The overall cancer mortality disparity is narrowing between Black and White men because of a steeper drop in Black men for lung and prostate cancers. However, the decline in prostate cancer mortality in Black men slowed from 5% annually during 2010 through 2014 to 1.3% during 2015 through 2019, likely reflecting the 5% annual increase in advanced-stage diagnoses since 2012. Black women have an 8% lower incidence rate than White women but a 12% higher mortality; further, mortality rates are 2-fold higher for endometrial cancer and 41% higher for breast cancer despite similar or lower incidence rates. The wide breast cancer disparity reflects both later stage diagnosis (57% localized stage vs 67% in White women) and lower 5-year survival overall (82% vs 92%, respectively) and for every stage of disease (eg, 20% vs 30%, respectively, for distant stage). Breast cancer surpassed lung cancer as the leading cause of cancer death among Black women in 2019. Targeted interventions are needed to reduce stark cancer inequalities in the Black community.