PERCEPTIONS AS HYPOTHESES
PERCEPTIONS AS HYPOTHESES
复制标题
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.1980.0090
复制
发表时间：
1980-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
GREGORY, RL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GREGORY, RL
感知可以与科学中的假设相比较。获取科学知识的方法为研究感知过程提供了一个工作范式。就像射电望远镜等仪器的信息通道传输的信号根据各种假设进行处理以提供有用的数据一样，神经信号也被处理以提供感知数据。为了理解感知，必须发现用于导出感知假设的信号代码和存储的知识或假设。系统感知误差是了解信号通道限制和发现假设生成过程的重要线索。虽然知觉的“生理”和“认知”方面的区别在逻辑上可能是清楚的，但在实践中，要确定哪一个方面负责，即使是像经典的扭曲错觉这样明确的现象，也是令人惊讶的困难。实验结果，旨在区分和发现发生了什么，当有不匹配的神经信号通道，当神经信号处理不适当的当前情况。这就导致我们在感性假设和科学假设之间作一些区分，这些区分以一种新的形式提出了一个问题：什么是“对象”？
Perceptions may be compared with hypotheses in science. The methods of acquiring scientific knowledge provide a working paradigm for investigating processes of perception. Much as the information channels of instruments, such as radio telescopes, transmit signals which are processed according to various assumptions to give useful data, so neural signals are processed to give data for perception. To understand perception, the signal codes and the stored knowledge or assumptions used for deriving perceptual hypotheses must be discovered. Systematic perceptual errors are important clues for appreciating signal channel limitations, and for discovering hypothesis-generating procedures. Although this distinction between ‘physiological’ and ‘cognitive’ aspects of perception may be logically clear, it is in practice surprisingly difficult to establish which are responsible even for clearly established phenomena such as the classical distortion illusions. Experimental results are presented, aimed at distinguishing between and discovering what happens when there is mismatch with the neural signal channel, and when neural signals are processed inappropriately for the current situation. This leads us to make some distinctions between perceptual and scientific hypotheses, which raise in a new form the problem: What are ‘objects’?