LOCALIZATION OF SOUND IN ROOMS .2. THE EFFECTS OF A SINGLE REFLECTING SURFACE
LOCALIZATION OF SOUND IN ROOMS .2. THE EFFECTS OF A SINGLE REFLECTING SURFACE
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DOI：
10.1121/1.392474
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发表时间：
1985-01-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
HARTMANN, WM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
RAKERD, B;HARTMANN, WM
在一个被单个声反射表面包围的房间里研究了听觉定位。该表面的位置被改变，以模拟地板、天花板和左右侧墙。在一种情况下消除了表面，以便可以在自由场中检查定位以便进行比较。用一种源识别方法评估了这些不同的房间配置对低频(500 Hz)慢起和脉冲正弦音定位的影响。在不同房间配置下测量被试可获得的稳态耳间时间差(ITD)和耳间强度差(IID)线索，并与知觉判断进行比较。如果优先效应是为了帮助声音在房间中实现本地化，那么声音必须包括瞬变。即使存在瞬变，优先效应也不能消除房间反射的所有影响。由于反射的干扰，房间内可能会出现很大的耳间强度差异，这对局部化有相当大的影响；即使在自由场中不存在IID线索的低频情况下也是如此。听者似乎对各种定向线索的可靠性和似是而非有一定的期望，并相应地对线索进行感知加权；这可能在一定程度上解释了文献中报道的时间密集型交易比率的巨大差异，以及关于起点对本地化的重要性的不同报道。即使在自由场中，起始线索对定位也有一定的重要性。
Auditory localization was studied in a room bounded by a single acoustically reflective surface. The position of that surface was varied so as to simulate a floor, a ceiling, and left and right side walls. The surface was eliminated in 1 condition so that localization could be examined in free field for purposes of comparison. Using a source identification method the influences of these various room configurations on the localization of both slow-onset and impulsive sine tones of low frequency (500 Hz) were assessed. The steady-state interaural-time-difference (ITD) and interaural-intensity-difference (IID) cues available to subjects were measured in the different room configurations and compared with the perceptual judgments. A sound must include transients if the precedence effect is to operate as an aid to its localization in rooms. Even if transients are present the precedence effect does not eliminate all influences of room reflections. Due to the interference of reflections large interaural intensity differences may occur in a room and these have a considerable influence on localization; this is true even at low frequencies for which IID cues do not exist in a free field. Listeners appear to have certain expectations about the reliability and plausibility of various directional cues and perceptually weight the cues accordingly; this may explain, in part, the large variation in time-intensity trading ratios reported in the literature and also the differing reports regarding the importance of onsets for localization. Onset cues are of some importance to localization even in free field.