A differential evaporation model to predict chemistry change of additively manufactured metals
A differential evaporation model to predict chemistry change of additively manufactured metals
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用于预测增材制造金属化学变化的微分蒸发模型
DOI：
10.1016/j.matdes.2021.110328
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
8.4
通讯作者：
Arroyave, Raymundo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ranaiefar, Meelad;Honarmandi, Pejman;Xue, Lei;Zhang, Chen;Elwany, Alaa;Karaman, Ibrahim;Schwalbach, Edwin J.;Arroyave, Raymundo
对提高性能和功能的需求给附加制造(AM)部件的设计和制造带来了额外的复杂性。然而，满足这些需求将需要在制造过程中使用快速作用的低保真模型的在线反馈来改进对本地属性的控制。在这一点上，差异蒸发是金属AM工艺的固有特征，直接影响局部化学、材料特性、功能和性能。为了预测和控制蒸发对局部和局部尺度上的化学和性能的影响，提出了激光粉床熔融(LPBF)AM的微分蒸发模型(DEM)。DEM模型与分析热模型相结合，该热模型根据51.2Ni[at%]镍钛形状记忆合金(NiTiSMA)单道实验和多层模型进行了校准，该多层模型考虑了AM部件的多层设计以及固有的熔池重叠和化学传播。由热成分、蒸发成分和多层成分组成的组合层次模型被用来预测Ni50.8Ti49.2[at%]SMA的LBPF AM制造的特定位置化学。模型预测用商业LPBF系统多层实验得到的值进行了验证，预测的Ni含量的均方根误差(RMSE)为0.25Ni[at%]。此外，还计算了马氏体相变温度ms，并与经验数据进行了比较，得到的均方根误差为18.6K。通过该模型的链接，对热致蒸发对特定位置化学的累积和传播效应进行了实际的解释。从根本上说，该模型链还提供了正向建模问题的解决方案，使得能够采取步骤来解决基于所需的特定于位置的特性来确定工艺参数的逆设计问题。
The desire for increased performance and functionality has introduced additional complexities to the design and fabrication of additively manufactured (AM) parts. However, addressing these needs would require improved control over local properties using in-line feedback from fast-acting low-fidelity models during the fabrication process. In this regard, differential evaporation is an inherent characteristic in metal AM processes, directly influencing local chemistry, material properties, functionality, and performance. In the present work, a differential evaporation model (DEM) is presented for laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) AM to predict and control the effect of evaporation on chemistry and properties on local and part-wide scales. The DEM model is coupled with an analytical thermal model that is calibrated against 51.2 Ni [at%] nickel titanium shape memory alloy (NiTi SMA) single-track experiments and a multi-layer model that accounts for the AM part’s multi-layer design and the inherent melt pool overlap and chemistry propagation. The combined hierarchical model, consisting of the thermal, evaporation, and multi-layer components, is used to predict location-specific chemistry for LBPF AM fabrication of Ni50.8Ti49.2[at%] SMAs. Model predictions are validated with values obtained from multi-layer experiments on a commercial LPBF system, resulting in a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.25 Ni [at%] for predicted Ni content. Additionally, martensitic transformation temperature, Ms, is calculated and compared with empirical data, resulting in an RMSE of 18.6 K. A practical account of the cumulative and propagative thermal-induced evaporation effect on location-specific chemistry is made through this linkage of models. Fundamentally, this model chain has also provided a solution to the forward modeling problem, enabling steps to be taken towards resolving the inverse design problem of determining processing parameters based on desired location-specific properties.