Risk factors for pancreas disease (PD) outbreaks in farmed Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout in Norway during 2003-2007
Risk factors for pancreas disease (PD) outbreaks in farmed Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout in Norway during 2003-2007
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DOI：
10.1016/j.prevetmed.2009.04.003
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发表时间：
2009-07-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Jansen, P. A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kristoffersen, A. B.;Viljugrein, H.;Jansen, P. A.
胰腺疾病（PD）是一种在养殖大西洋鲑鱼（Salmo salar L.）和虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum）中由鲑科α病毒（SAV）引起的新型传染病。本研究是一项大规模研究，旨在量化挪威养殖鲑鱼群体因暴露于可能与SAV特定传播途径相关或可能增加群体对PD易感性的风险因素而感染PD的概率。使用挪威所有海洋鲑鱼养殖场的鱼数量和平均鱼重的月度报告来确定养殖鲑鱼群。只有在2003-2007年期间开始和终止的队列被纳入研究。使用海洋养殖场PD的临床诊断记录来确定PD病例队列。在PD病例队列中，PD暴发定义为从记录诊断的月份开始，并持续到队列终止。所有未记录PD的队列被分配到控制组。共收集了143个PD病例队列和1079个对照队列。将危险因素分配到队列中，并使用广义加性模型（GAM）进行逻辑回归分析。我们发现，感染压力是一个旨在捕捉局部疾病传播可能性的变量，它对记录队列中pd爆发的概率有很强的影响。当感染压力从0增加到中等值时，描述感染压力影响的函数急剧增加，对应于在2 km的距离上有一个平均大小的PD邻近鱼群，之后函数趋于平稳。该研究强调，水平传播途径对PD在挪威鲑鱼养殖中的传播至关重要，因此，为了减少PD的爆发次数，有必要采取旨在控制水平传播的生物安全措施。(C) 2009 Elsevier B.V.版权所有
Pancreas disease (PD) is an emerging infectious disease in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) caused by salmonid alphavirus (SAV). The present study is a large scale study aiming at quantifying the probability of contracting PD in farmed salmonid cohorts in Norway due to exposure to risk factors that may be associated with specific transmission pathways for SAV, or may increase a cohort's susceptibility to PD. Monthly reports of numbers of fish and mean fish weight from all marine salmonid farm sites in Norway were used to identify cohorts of farmed salmonids. Only cohorts that were initiated and terminated during 2003-2007 were assembled for the study. Records of clinical diagnosis of PD on marine farm sites were used to identify PD case cohorts. In PD case cohorts, PD-outbreaks were defined to start the month the diagnosis was recorded and last until the cohort was terminated. All cohorts in which PD was not recorded were assigned to the control-class. In total 143 PD case cohorts and 1079 control cohorts were assembled. Risk factors were assigned to the cohorts and analysed using logistic regression by generalized additive models (GAM). We find that infection pressure, a variable designed to capture the potential for local disease spread, has a strong effect on the probability of recording a PD-outbreak in a cohort. The function describing the effect of infection pressure increased steeply as infection pressure increased from 0 to moderate values corresponding to having a mean sized neighbouring fish stock with PD at a distance of 2 km, after which the function levelled off. The study emphasises horizontal transmission pathways as important for the spread of PD in Norwegian salmon farming, and accordingly that bio-security measures aimed at controlling horizontal transmission are necessary in order to reduce the number of outbreaks of PD. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.