The effect of exposure to long working hours on alcohol consumption, risky drinking and alcohol use disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-related Burden of Disease and Injury.
The effect of exposure to long working hours on alcohol consumption, risky drinking and alcohol use disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-related Burden of Disease and Injury.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envint.2020.106205
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发表时间：
2021-01
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Godderis L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pachito DV;Pega F;Bakusic J;Boonen E;Clays E;Descatha A;Delvaux E;De Bacquer D;Koskenvuo K;Kröger H;Lambrechts MC;Latorraca COC;Li J;Cabrera Martimbianco AL;Riera R;Rugulies R;Sembajwe G;Siegrist J;Sillanmäki L;Sumanen M;Suominen S;Ujita Y;Vandersmissen G;Godderis L
我们分析了长时间工作对酒精使用和疾病的影响。整体证据的确定性较低。长时间工作可能会增加酒精消费。长时间工作对危险饮酒的影响尚不清楚。我们没有发现关于酒精使用障碍影响的合格研究。世界卫生组织（世卫组织）和国际劳工组织（劳工组织）正在编制与工作有关的疾病和伤害负担联合估计数（世卫组织/劳工组织联合估计数），一个庞大的专家网络提供了投入。来自机械数据的证据表明，长时间工作可能会增加酒精消费，导致酒精使用障碍。在本文中，我们提出了一个系统的审查和荟萃分析的参数，估计死亡人数和残疾调整生命年的酒精消费和酒精使用障碍，可归因于暴露于长时间的工作时间，发展的世界卫生组织/国际劳工组织联合估计。我们旨在系统地回顾和荟萃分析长时间工作的影响（三类：41-48、49-54和≥55小时/周）与标准工作时间（35-40小时/周）相比，对饮酒、危险饮酒（三个结果：患病率、发病率和死亡率）和酒精使用障碍（三个结果：患病率、发病率和死亡率）的影响。我们制定并发布了一项方案，在可行的情况下将导航指南作为组织系统评价框架。我们在电子书目数据库中检索了来自已发表和未发表研究的潜在相关记录，包括2018年6月30日的WHO国际临床试验注册中心、奥维德MEDLINE、PubMed、Embase和CISDOC。PubMed已于2020年4月18日更新。我们还检索了电子灰色文献数据库、互联网搜索引擎和组织网站;手动检索了既往系统评价的参考文献列表，并纳入了研究记录;并咨询了其他专家。我们纳入了世卫组织和/或国际劳工组织任何成员国正规和非正规经济中的工作年龄（≥15岁）工人，但排除了儿童（<15岁）和无报酬家政工人。我们考虑纳入随机对照试验、队列研究、病例对照研究和其他非随机干预研究，以估计长时间工作的影响（41-48、49-54和≥55小时/周），与暴露于标准工作时间相比（35-40小时/周），酒精消费（g/周），危险饮酒和酒精使用障碍（患病率，发病率或死亡率）。至少有两名综述作者在第一阶段根据合格标准独立筛选标题和摘要，在第二阶段筛选可能合格的记录全文，然后从与合格研究相关的出版物中提取数据。两名或多名综述作者使用导航指南和GRADE工具以及适用于本项目的方法评估了偏倚风险、证据质量和证据强度。14项队列研究符合入选标准，包括世卫组织三个区域（美洲、东南亚和欧洲）六个国家的共计104，599名参与者（52，107名女性）。在大多数研究中，使用自我报告的措施评估暴露和结局。在纳入的研究中，偏倚的风险通常可能很高，检测偏倚的风险被判断为高或可能高，酒精消费和危险饮酒的数据缺失。与每周工作35-40小时相比，每周工作41-48小时使饮酒量增加10.4克/周（95%置信区间（CI）5.59-15.20; 7项研究; 25，904名参与者，I2 71%，低质量证据）。每周工作49-54小时会使饮酒量增加17.69 g/周（95%置信区间（CI）9.16-26.22; 7项研究，19，158名参与者，I2 82%，低质量证据）。每周工作时间≥55小时会使饮酒量增加16.29 g/周（95%置信区间（CI）7.93-24.65; 7项研究; 19，692名受试者; I2 82%，低质量证据）。我们不确定每周工作41-48小时与每周工作35-40小时相比对危险饮酒的影响（相对风险1.08; 95%CI 0.86-1.36; 12项研究; I2 52%，低确定性证据）。每周工作49-54小时不会增加危险饮酒的风险（相对风险1.12; 95% CI 0.90-1.39; 12项研究; 3832例受试者; I2 24%，中等确定性证据），每周工作时间≥55小时（相对风险1.11; 95% CI 0.95-1.30; 12项研究; 4525例受试者; I2 0%，中等确定性证据）。亚组分析表明，年龄可能会影响长时间工作与饮酒和危险饮酒之间的联系。我们没有确定我们可以获得酒精使用障碍结果的研究。总的来说，对于以克/周为单位的酒精消费量和危险饮酒，我们认为这一证据的确定性较低。长时间工作可能会增加酒精消费，但我们不确定对危险饮酒的影响。我们没有发现关于酒精使用障碍影响的合格研究。目前，对长时间工作造成的酒精使用障碍的负担进行估计似乎没有证据。https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.07.025. CRD42018084077
We analysed estimates of effect of long working hours on alcohol use and disorders. Overall body of evidence was of low certainty. Exposure to long working hours potentially increased alcohol consumption. The effect of long working hours on risky drinking is unclear. We found no eligible studies on the effect on alcohol use disorder. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labour Organization (ILO) are developing Joint Estimates of the work-related burden of disease and injury (WHO/ILO Joint Estimates), with contributions from a large network of experts. Evidence from mechanistic data suggests that exposure to long working hours may increase alcohol consumption and cause alcohol use disorder. In this paper, we present a systematic review and meta-analysis of parameters for estimating the number of deaths and disability-adjusted life years from alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder that are attributable to exposure to long working hours, for the development of the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates. We aimed to systematically review and meta-analyse estimates of the effect of exposure to long working hours (three categories: 41–48, 49–54 and ≥55 h/week), compared with exposure to standard working hours (35–40 h/week), on alcohol consumption, risky drinking (three outcomes: prevalence, incidence and mortality) and alcohol use disorder (three outcomes: prevalence, incidence and mortality). We developed and published a protocol, applying the Navigation Guide as an organizing systematic review framework where feasible. We searched electronic bibliographic databases for potentially relevant records from published and unpublished studies, including the WHO International Clinical Trials Register, Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, and CISDOC on 30 June 2018. Searches on PubMed were updated on 18 April 2020. We also searched electronic grey literature databases, Internet search engines and organizational websites; hand-searched reference list of previous systematic reviews and included study records; and consulted additional experts. We included working-age (≥15 years) workers in the formal and informal economy in any WHO and/or ILO Member State but excluded children (<15 years) and unpaid domestic workers. We considered for inclusion randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies and other non-randomized intervention studies with an estimate of the effect of exposure to long working hours (41–48, 49–54 and ≥55 h/week), compared with exposure to standard working hours (35–40 h/week), on alcohol consumption (in g/week), risky drinking, and alcohol use disorder (prevalence, incidence or mortality). At least two review authors independently screened titles and abstracts against the eligibility criteria at a first stage and full texts of potentially eligible records at a second stage, followed by extraction of data from publications related to qualifying studies. Two or more review authors assessed the risk of bias, quality of evidence and strength of evidence, using Navigation Guide and GRADE tools and approaches adapted to this project. Fourteen cohort studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising a total of 104,599 participants (52,107 females) in six countries of three WHO regions (Americas, South-East Asia, and Europe). The exposure and outcome were assessed with self-reported measures in most studies. Across included studies, risk of bias was generally probably high, with risk judged high or probably high for detection bias and missing data for alcohol consumption and risky drinking. Compared to working 35–40 h/week, exposure to working 41–48 h/week increased alcohol consumption by 10.4 g/week (95% confidence interval (CI) 5.59–15.20; seven studies; 25,904 participants, I2 71%, low quality evidence). Exposure to working 49–54 h/week increased alcohol consumption by 17.69 g/week (95% confidence interval (CI) 9.16–26.22; seven studies, 19,158 participants, I2 82%, low quality evidence). Exposure to working ≥55 h/week increased alcohol consumption by 16.29 g/week (95% confidence interval (CI) 7.93–24.65; seven studies; 19,692 participants; I2 82%, low quality evidence). We are uncertain about the effect of exposure to working 41–48 h/week, compared with working 35–40 h/week on developing risky drinking (relative risk 1.08; 95% CI 0.86–1.36; 12 studies; I2 52%, low certainty evidence). Working 49–54 h/week did not increase the risk of developing risky drinking (relative risk 1.12; 95% CI 0.90–1.39; 12 studies; 3832 participants; I2 24%, moderate certainty evidence), nor working ≥55 h/week (relative risk 1.11; 95% CI 0.95–1.30; 12 studies; 4525 participants; I2 0%, moderate certainty evidence). Subgroup analyses indicated that age may influence the association between long working hours and both alcohol consumption and risky drinking. We did not identify studies for which we had access to results on alcohol use disorder. Overall, for alcohol consumption in g/week and for risky drinking, we judged this body of evidence to be of low certainty. Exposure to long working hours may have increased alcohol consumption, but we are uncertain about the effect on risky drinking. We found no eligible studies on the effect on alcohol use disorder. Producing estimates for the burden of alcohol use disorder attributable to exposure to long working hours appears to not be evidence-based at this time. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.07.025. CRD42018084077
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Forsyth SR;Odierna DH;Krauth D;Bero LA
通讯作者：
Bero LA
影响因子：
11.8
作者：
Hulshof CTJ;Colosio C;Daams JG;Ivanov ID;Prakash KC;Kuijer PPFM;Leppink N;Mandic-Rajcevic S;Masci F;van der Molen HF;Neupane S;Nygård CH;Oakman J;Pega F;Proper K;Prüss-Üstün AM;Ujita Y;Frings-Dresen MHW
通讯作者：
Frings-Dresen MHW
影响因子：
5
作者：
De Bacquer, D;Pelfrene, E;De Backer, G
通讯作者：
De Backer, G
DOI：
10.15288/jsa.2001.62.150
发表时间：
2001-03-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF STUDIES ON ALCOHOL
影响因子：
--
作者：
Harford, TC;Muthén, BO
通讯作者：
Muthén, BO
影响因子：
18.4
作者：
Jensen, Magnus Thorsten;Holtermann, Andreas;Gyntelberg, Finn
通讯作者：
Gyntelberg, Finn