Media's role in broadcasting acute stress following the Boston Marathon bombings
Media's role in broadcasting acute stress following the Boston Marathon bombings
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1316265110
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发表时间：
2014-01-07
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Silver, Roxane Cohen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Holman, E. Alison;Garfin, Dana Rose;Silver, Roxane Cohen
我们比较了媒体与直接暴露对集体创伤急性应激反应的影响。我们在2013年4月29日至5月13日之间的波士顿马拉松爆炸案发生后进行了一项基于互联网的调查，其中有代表性的居民样本来自波士顿（n = 846），纽约市（n = 941）和美国其他地区（n = 2，888）。波士顿和纽约的急性应激症状评分相当[回归系数（B）= 0.43; SE = 1.42; 95%置信区间（CI），-2.36，3.23]，但与波士顿相比，全国范围内的评分较低（B = -2.21; SE = 1.07; 95% CI，-4.31，-0.12）。调整爆炸前的心理健康（前瞻性收集），人口统计学和先前的集体压力暴露，在爆炸后的一周内，每天6小时或更长时间的爆炸相关媒体暴露比直接暴露于爆炸与更高的急性压力相关（连续急性压力症状总数：媒体暴露B = 15.61与直接暴露B = 5.69）。控制前瞻性收集轰炸前看电视的习惯并没有改变结果。在调整后的模型中，直接暴露于9/11恐怖袭击和桑迪胡克学校枪击事件都与爆炸相关的急性压力显着相关;超级风暴桑迪暴露则不然。先前经历过类似和/或暴力事件可能使一些人容易受到集体创伤的负面影响。在集体创伤后不久，每天重复接触与创伤相关的媒体内容数小时，可能会延长急性压力体验，并促进大量与压力相关的疾病学。大众媒体可能成为一个渠道，将社区创伤的负面后果传播到直接受影响的社区之外。
We compared the impact of media vs. direct exposure on acute stress response to collective trauma. We conducted an Internet-based survey following the Boston Marathon bombings between April 29 and May 13, 2013, with representative samples of residents from Boston (n = 846), New York City (n = 941), and the remainder of the United States (n = 2,888). Acute stress symptom scores were comparable in Boston and New York [ regression coefficient (b) = 0.43; SE = 1.42; 95% confidence interval (CI), -2.36, 3.23], but lower nationwide when compared with Boston (b = -2.21; SE = 1.07; 95% CI, -4.31, -0.12). Adjusting for prebombing mental health (collected prospectively), demographics, and prior collective stress exposure, six or more daily hours of bombing-related media exposure in the week after the bombings was associated with higher acute stress than direct exposure to the bombings (continuous acute stress symptom total: media exposure b = 15.61 vs. direct exposure b = 5.69). Controlling for prospectively collected prebombing television-watching habits did not change the findings. In adjusted models, direct exposure to the 9/11 terrorist attacks and the Sandy Hook School shootings were both significantly associated with bombing-related acute stress; Superstorm Sandy exposure wasn't. Prior exposure to similar and/or violent events may render some individuals vulnerable to the negative effects of collective traumas. Repeatedly engaging with trauma-related media content for several hours daily shortly after collective trauma may prolong acute stress experiences and promote substantial stress-related symptomatology. Mass media may become a conduit that spreads negative consequences of community trauma beyond directly affected communities.