When Precaution Creates Misunderstandings: The Unintended Effects of Precautionary Information on Perceived Risks, the EMF Case
When Precaution Creates Misunderstandings: The Unintended Effects of Precautionary Information on Perceived Risks, the EMF Case
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DOI：
10.1111/risa.12034
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发表时间：
2013-10
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
P. Wiedemann;H. Schuetz;F. Boerner;M. Clauberg;R. Croft;R. Shukla;T. Kikkawa;Ray Kemp;J. Gutteling;B. Villiers;Flavia N. Silva Medeiros;J. Barnett
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文献类型：
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作者：
P. Wiedemann;H. Schuetz;F. Boerner;M. Clauberg;R. Croft;R. Shukla;T. Kikkawa;Ray Kemp;J. Gutteling;B. Villiers;Flavia N. Silva Medeiros;J. Barnett
在过去十年中，公众日益关注对环境和人类健康具有不确定的潜在长期影响的新技术，这促使风险政策朝着更加预防性的方向发展。以移动电话为例，分析了预防信息对风险认知的影响。一项基于5 × 2 × 2因子设计的多国联合实验研究在9个国家进行。第一个因素是指是否存在不同类型的预防措施的信息，第二个因素是预防信息的框架，第三个因素是研究参与者对手机和基站的评级顺序。国家一级的数据分析显示了不同的影响。关于告知预防措施会导致风险认知增加的主要假设仅在数据中得到部分支持。在实验中使用的各种预防信息格式中，就效应大小和显著效应的频率而言，影响较弱。然而，我们的研究结果并不支持这样的假设，即告知人们实施的预防措施会减少公众的担忧。
In the past decade, growing public concern about novel technologies with uncertain potential long‐term impacts on the environment and human health has moved risk policies toward a more precautionary approach. Focusing on mobile telephony, the effects of precautionary information on risk perception were analyzed. A pooled multinational experimental study based on a 5 × 2 × 2 factorial design was conducted in nine countries. The first factor refers to whether or not information on different types of precautionary measures was present, the second factor to the framing of the precautionary information, and the third factor to the order in which cell phones and base stations were rated by the study participants. The data analysis on the country level indicates different effects. The main hypothesis that informing about precautionary measures results in increased risk perceptions found only partial support in the data. The effects are weaker, both in terms of the effect size and the frequency of significant effects, across the various precautionary information formats used in the experiment. Nevertheless, our findings do not support the assumption that informing people about implemented precautionary measures will decrease public concerns.