Continuous long-term monitoring of UV radiation in professional mountain guides reveals extremely high exposure
Continuous long-term monitoring of UV radiation in professional mountain guides reveals extremely high exposure
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DOI：
10.1002/ijc.10884
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发表时间：
2003-03-01
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Garbe, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Moehrle, M;Dennenmoser, B;Garbe, C
紫外线辐射(UVR)被认为是非黑色素瘤和黑色素瘤皮肤癌最重要的危险因素之一。职业性高紫外线暴露被认为与皮肤癌有关。由于与海拔有关的UVR增加以及被雪和冰覆盖的表面的反射，山地导游会收到相当大的紫外线剂量。我们研究的目的是评估登山导游的年度职业紫外线暴露。含有枯草芽孢杆菌(VioSpor)孢子的孢子膜测试室被用作UV剂量计，其光谱灵敏度曲线与从光谱辐射测量计算的红斑加权数据相似。在一年中(1999年7月至2000年6月)，共有9名山地导游教员在1406个工作日内用头部两侧携带剂量计。剂量计每月更换一次。可以评估92个月的测量结果(4-12个月/登山指南)。个人月平均紫外线暴露剂量为107个标准红斑剂量(SED)(中位数71 SED；范围10-505 SED)。每个登山指南的年平均累积紫外线暴露为1,097 SED(中位数1,273 SED；范围312-1,770 SED)。平均每天紫外线剂量(4-10小时)为6.6 SED(中位数5.7 SED；范围0.6-24.2 SED)。这是在户外工作者队列中进行的连续年度紫外线剂量测量的第二项研究。我们的研究表明，根据几天的测量结果来内插年紫外线暴露量是不够的。只有长期剂量测量才能给出可靠的紫外线辐射负荷年度信息。每日紫外线暴露中位数超过紫外线辐射限值6倍(例如，ACGIH每8小时有效剂量30J/m(2)，相当于1.08 SED/天)；最大暴露量超过这些限值23倍。这些极高的暴露值表明患皮肤癌的风险增加，需要在专业和休闲登山集体中进行彻底的流行病学研究。(C)2002年Wiley-Liss，Inc.
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is estimated to be one of the most important risk factors for nonmelanoma and melanoma skin cancers. High occupational UV exposure is assumed to be associated with skin cancer. Mountain guides receive considerable UV doses due to altitude-related increase of UVR and reflection from snow- and ice-covered surfaces. The aim of our study was to assess the annual occupational UV exposure of mountain guides. Spore film test chambers containing spores of Bacillus subtilis (VioSpor) were used as UV dosimeters with a spectral sensitivity profile similar to erythema-weighted data calculated from spectro-radiometric measurements. Nine mountain guide instructors carried dosimeters on the sides of their heads on a total of 1,406 working days during one year (July 1999-June 2000). Dosimeters were changed monthly. Measurements of 92 months could be evaluated (4-12 months/mountain guide). The mean individual monthly UV exposure was 107 standard erythema doses (SED) (median 71 SED; range 10-505 SED). The mean annual cumulative UV exposure was 1,097 SED (median 1,273 SED; range 312-1,770 SED) per mountain guide. The mean UV dose per day (4-10 hr) was 6.6 SED (median 5.7 SED; range 0.6-24.2 SED). This is the second study of continuous annual UV dosimetry in a cohort of outdoor workers. Our study showed that it is not sufficient to interpolate annual UV exposure from a few days' measurements. Only long-term dosimetry can give reliable yearly information of UVR load. Median daily UV exposure exceeded limits for UV radiation (e.g., ACGIH effective dose 30 J/m(2) per 8 hr period corresponding to 1.08 SED/day) 6-fold; maximal exposure exceeded these limits 23-fold. These extremely high exposure values are suggestive for an increased risk of skin cancer and thorough epidemiologic studies in the collectives of professional and recreational mountaineering are required. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.