Saturation of entropy production in quantum many-body systems
Saturation of entropy production in quantum many-body systems
复制标题
量子多体系统中熵产生的饱和
DOI：
10.1103/physreve.96.062148
复制
发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
and Takahiro Sagawa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kazuya Kaneko;Eiki Iyoda;and Takahiro Sagawa
将热力学第二定律与微观可逆动力学联系起来是统计物理学中一个长期存在的问题。在这里，我们解决这个问题的基础上的量子多体物理，并讨论如何熵产生饱和在孤立的量子系统下的幺正动力学。首先，我们严格证明了熵产生确实饱和在长时间制度，即使整个系统是在一个纯粹的状态。其次，我们讨论了饱和时熵产生的非负性，这隐含着热力学第二定律。这是基于本征态热化假设，该假设指出即使是单个能量本征态也是热的。我们还数值表明，熵产生饱和在一个非负值，即使当初始状态的热浴是一个单一的能量本征态。我们的结果揭示了孤立量子系统中熵产生的基本性质。
Bridging the second law of thermodynamics and microscopic reversible dynamics has been a longstanding problem in statistical physics. Here, we address this problem on the basis of quantum many-body physics, and discuss how the entropy production saturates in isolated quantum systems under unitary dynamics. First, we rigorously prove that the entropy production does indeed saturate in the long time regime, even when the total system is in a pure state. Second, we discuss the non-negativity of the entropy production at saturation, implying the second law of thermodynamics. This is based on the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis, which states that even a single energy eigenstate is thermal. We also numerically demonstrate that the entropy production saturates at a non-negative value even when the initial state of a heat bath is a single energy eigenstate. Our results reveal fundamental properties of the entropy production in isolated quantum systems at late times.