Magnetic fields in galaxies
Magnetic fields in galaxies
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DOI：
10.1007/978-94-009-0595-5_14
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发表时间：
1990
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
R. Wielebinski
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Wielebinski
对银河系磁场的研究早在本世纪之交就已经开始了，在发现长石晶体的极化特性之后不久。另一个推动力来自于偏振片的发展，它使这种观测技术甚至对业余天文学家也适用。第一个被证实的发现是由于Meyer（1920）测量了哈勃可变星云NGC2261的偏振。这是对银河系源偏振的观测，但它表明磁场存在，并在宇宙中发挥重要作用。与此同时，正在开发测量太阳磁场的方法。星系中存在磁场的理论论据是基于宇宙粒子的约束需要（例如费米，1949）。外星系磁场的发现是由于Öhman（1942）首先使用长石偏振计，后来使用Wollaston棱镜观察仙女座星云（M31）的偏振发射。
The search for magnetic fields in the Galaxy was started already at the turn of this century, soon after polarization characteristics of the Felspar crystal were discovered. Additional impetus came from the development of polaroid foil which made this observing technique available even to amateur astronomers. The first substantiated discovery is due to Meyer (1920) who measured the polarization of the Hubble’s variable nebula NGC2261. This was an observation of the polarization of a galactic source but it showed that magnetic fields exist and play an important role in the universe. At the same time methods of measuring of the solar magnetic field were being developed. Theoretical arguments for the existence of magnetic fields in galaxies were based on the need of confinement of cosmic particles (e.g. Fermi, 1949). The discovery of a magnetic field in an external galaxy is due to Öhman (1942) who used first a Felspar polarimeter and later a Wollaston prism to observe the polarized emission in Andromeda nebula (M31).