Anatomy and neurophysiology of the taste system in aged animals.
Anatomy and neurophysiology of the taste system in aged animals.
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老年动物味觉系统的解剖学和神经生理学。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb20989.x
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发表时间：
1989
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Mistretta,CM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mistretta,CM
虽然人们普遍认为，感觉系统的功能大幅下降，在老年哺乳动物，最近的文献表明，味觉可能是独特的，在这方面，至少在受体器官和外周味觉神经支配的水平。尽管过去的研究报告说，老年人和小鼠舌头上的味蕾或乳头数量减少，但这些研究的特点是存在各种局限性。I，* 例如，使用尸体材料，但没有病史信息，以排除病理学。M在部分而不是整个乳头中检查味蕾。味蕾或乳头密度是在随着年龄增长而增加的组织中测量的;显然，随着组织大小的增加，受体器官密度下降，但得出了关于味觉器官丧失的结论。6在过去几乎所有的工作中，都是采用描述性措施来报告数据和得出结论，而没有应用统计数据。最近的研究表明，健康老年动物的味蕾和乳头的数量和基本结构保持良好，外周味觉神经功能也保持良好。本章将讨论最近的这些调查。然而，在整个讨论中，很明显，味觉系统生物学中与年龄相关的差异的研究在范围和数量上都是有限的。这些限制性因素对老年动物味觉的广泛结论形成了很大的限制。本文所讨论的研究是基于对舌上味蕾的调查。舌味蕾位于三种基本的乳头类型--菌状、轮廓状和叶状--并且这些乳头的分布在不同物种之间变化（图1）。在每种类型的味觉乳头内，味蕾以特有的方式定位，并且一些乳头具有相关的腺组织（参见
Although it is generally accepted that sensory system function declines substantially in old mammals, recent literature indicates that the sense of taste might be unique in this regard, at least at the level of the receptor organ and peripheral gustatory innervation. Whereas past studies had reported that taste buds or papillae on the tongue are reduced in number in old humans and mice, the investigations were characterized by various limitations. I,* For example, cadaver material was used without information on medical history to exclude pathology. M Taste buds were examined in partial rather than entire papillae.'Taste bud or papilla density was measured in tissue that increased in size with age; obviously, with increasing tissue size, receptor organ density declined, but conclusions were made about loss of taste organs. 6 In virtually all of the past work, descriptive measures were used to report data and derive conclusions without the application of statistics. HMore recent studies demonstrate that number and basic structure of taste buds and papillae are well maintained in healthy old animals, and that peripheral taste nerve function is also maintained. These recent investigations are discussed in this chapter. It will be apparent throughout the discussion, however, that studies of age-related differences in the biology of the taste system are limited in scope and number. Such limiting factors place major constraints on the extent to which broad conclusions can be made about the gustatory sense in old animals. The studies discussed in this paper are based on investigations of taste buds on the tongue. Lingual taste buds are located in three basic papilla types-fungiform, circumvallate, and foliate-and the distribution of these papillae varies across species (FIG. 1). Within each type of gustatory papilla, taste buds are located in a characteristic manner, and some papillae have associated glandular tissue (see