Ten years of marine CSEM for hydrocarbon exploration
Ten years of marine CSEM for hydrocarbon exploration
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DOI：
10.1190/1.3483451
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发表时间：
2010-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Constable, Steven
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Constable, Steven
海洋可控源电磁（CSEM）测量在钻前储层评价和油气勘探中的商业应用已有10年。虽然最近与这种技术有关的调查和出版物的数量有所减少，但这种方法已牢固确立为近海环境中的一种重要地球物理工具。这是与该方法的物理学相关联的两个重要方面的结果：首先，它对高电阻率敏感，高电阻率虽然不是烃类的明确指标，但却是经济上可行的储层的重要性质。第二，虽然该方法缺乏地震波传播的分辨率，但它具有比重力和磁力测量等位场方法更好的内在分辨率，直到现在，这些方法一直是海上勘探中使用的主要非地震数据集。虽然从许多方面来看，海洋CSEM仍处于起步阶段，但仪器系统的可靠性和本底噪声在过去十年中已得到显著改善，解释方法已从简单的异常检测发展到使用世界上最快的超级计算机对多组分数据进行三维各向异性反演。目前的研究方向包括通过应用时域方法、连续剖面工具以及在生产过程中使用CSEM进行油藏监测来解决浅水中的空气波问题。
Marine controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) surveying has been in commercial use for predrill reservoir appraisal and hydrocarbon exploration for 10 years. Although a recent decrease has occurred in the number of surveys and publications associated with this technique, the method has become firmly established as an important geophysical tool in the offshore environment. This is a consequence of two important aspects associated with the physics of the method: First, it is sensitive to high electrical resistivity, which, although not an unambiguous indicator of hydrocarbons, is an important property of economically viable reservoirs. Second, although the method lacks the resolution of seismic wave propagation, it has a much better intrinsic resolution than potential-field methods such as gravity and magnetic surveying, which until now have been the primary nonseismic data sets used in offshore exploration. Although by many measures marine CSEM is still in its infancy, the reliability and noise floors of the instrument systems have improved significantly over the last decade, and interpretation methodology has progressed from simple anomaly detection to 3D anisotropic inversion of multicomponent data using some of the world's fastest supercomputers. Research directions presently include tackling the airwave problem in shallow water by applying time-domain methodology, continuous profiling tools, and the use of CSEM for reservoir monitoring during production.