Late-Pleistocene and early Holocene history of the canid fauna of Europe (Canidae)
Late-Pleistocene and early Holocene history of the canid fauna of Europe (Canidae)
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DOI：
10.1016/j.mambio.2004.12.001
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发表时间：
2005-01-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Benecke, N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sommer, R;Benecke, N
在欧洲的亚化石组合中，赤狐显然是最常见的食肉哺乳动物物种，共有1553个记录。在魏奇塞良冰期的沉积中，红狐狐是全新世动物群的典型代表，已在100个组合中被记录下来。伊比利亚半岛、意大利半岛和巴尔干半岛被认为是冰川避难所。有充分根据的事实使我们有理由相信，V vulpes也分布在喀尔巴阡山脉的避难所。后来，克里米亚半岛也可能成为红狐的冰川避难所。在最后一个温暖的间冰期（Hengelo-Denekamp，公元前38,000-25,000），赤狐分布在中欧。在这一时期，它的分布至少部分延伸到英格兰南部。在最大冰期之后的中欧，最早的V型兀鹰的准确记录是在公元前14000到13500年之间。早在晚冰期早期（公元前13500年），红狐就出现在典型的冰川动物群落中。分离到冰川避难所的时间只有一万年。在最后一个温暖的整冰期间冰期（公元前38,000-25,000年），中欧可能存在北极狐（Alopex tagopus）和红狐的同域分布。在最后一次冰川盛期（公元前22000 - 18000年），北极狐只分布在中欧，在避难所之外。在欧洲中部的晚冰期（公元前15000 -9500年），除了Allerod可能是例外，lagopus和V vulpes的联合分布被精确地记录在亚化石组合中。在全冰期，狼犬分布在多为暖气候适应物种的冰川避难所的地理区域。关于狼的分布没有急剧减少的假设。全新世狼疮菌的存在可能不是由再定殖引起的。(C) 2005德国科学技术协会。Elsevier Gmbh出版。版权所有。
In the sub-fossil assemblages of Europe the red fox is clearly the most frequent carnivorous mammalian species with a total of 1553 records. In depositions from the Weichselian Glacial the red fox Vulpes vulpes is, a typical representative of the Holocene fauna, already recorded in 100 assemblages. The Iberian peninsula, Italian peninsula and Balkans were theorised as glacial refugia. Well-founded facts give reason to believe that V vulpes was also distributed in the Carpathian refuge. Later on, the Crimean peninsula would also appear to be a possible glacial refuge of the red fox. In the last warmer complex of interstadials during the Pleni-Glacial (Hengelo-Denekamp, 38,000-25,000 BC) the red fox was distributed in central Europe. Its distribution during this epoch extended at least in part to southern England. The earliest well-dated records of V vulpes in central Europe after the Maximum Glaciation lie between 14,000 and 13,500 BC. Already during the early Late-Glacial (13,500 BC) the red fox appeared in typical glacial faunal communities. A separation to glacial refugia was only possible for 10,000 years.During the last warmer Pleni-Glacial complex of interstadials (38,000-25,000 BC) in central Europe a sympatric distribution of the arctic fox (Alopex tagopus) and the red fox probably existed. During the Last Glacial Maximum (22,000-18,000 BC) the arctic fox was exclusively distributed in central Europe, outside of the refuges. The combined distribution of A. lagopus and V vulpes during the Late-Glacial (15,000-9500 BC) in central Europe, with the probable exception of the Allerod, is precisely documented by sub-fossil assemblages.In the Pleni-Glacial the wolf Canis lupus was distributed in geographic regions that served as glacial refugia of more warm-climate adapted species. Concerning the wolf no drastic decrease of the distribution is assumed. The Holocene presence of C. lupus is probably not caused by recolonisation. (C) 2005 Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Saugetierkunde. Published by Elsevier Gmbh. All rights reserved.