Dynamics of Small Mammal Populations: A Review
Dynamics of Small Mammal Populations: A Review
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小型哺乳动物种群的动态：回顾
DOI：
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发表时间：
1992
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. O. Batzli
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. O. Batzli
要理解种群动态，就需要解释波动的模式和波动发生的密度。为了确定所涉及的因果机制，我们需要研究影响人口的环境因素，将环境变化与个人表现联系起来的个人综合反应，以及由于个人表现的改变而发生的人口变化。对小型哺乳动物（主要是啮齿动物）文献的审查表明，平均种群水平主要取决于资源的积极影响和敌人的消极影响之间的平衡，这些影响的强度因生境而异。每年发生的种群季节性变化主要是因为季节性繁殖;不同年份之间的差异是因为天气，资源和敌人的变化。由于对环境变化的反应存在时间滞后，或者由于对密度的非线性反应的组合，可能会出现多年模式（周期）。种群密度的波动性似乎与生殖潜力直接相关，与密度依赖性补充的强度成反比。确定哪些因素对任何特定群体最重要的一般方法需要对群体动态有一个机械的、多因素的观点。多因素实验可以而且应该用来测试我们对影响小型哺乳动物密度的复杂因果关系网的理解。
An understanding of population dynamics requires explanations for both the patterns of fluctuations and the densities at which they occur. To identify the causal mechanisms involved, we need to examine the environmental factors that impinge upon the population, the integrative responses of individuals that link changes in the environment to individual performance, and the population changes that occur as a result of shifting individual performances. A review of the literature on small mammals, mostly rodents, suggests that average population levels are largely determined by a balance of the positive effects of resources and the negative effects of enemies and that the strengths of these effects vary from habitat to habitat. Seasonal patterns of population change occur each year largely because of seasonal breeding; differences among years occur because of shifts in weather, resources, and enemies. Multiannual patterns (cycles) may occur because of time lags in responses to environmental change or because of combinations of nonlinear responses to density. The volatility of population density appears to vary directly with reproductive potential and inversely with the strength of density-dependent recruitment. A general approach for determining which factors are the most important for any particular population requires a mechanistic, multiple-factor view of population dynamics. Multiple-factor experiments can and should be used to test our understanding of the complex web of cause-and-effect relationships that influence the density of small mammals.