Marine dispersal determines the genetic population structure of migratory stream fauna of Puerto Rico: evidence for island-scale population recovery processes
Marine dispersal determines the genetic population structure of migratory stream fauna of Puerto Rico: evidence for island-scale population recovery processes
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DOI：
10.1899/09-008.1
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发表时间：
2009-09-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hughes, Jane M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cook, Benjamin D.;Bernays, Sofie;Hughes, Jane M.
岛屿溪流动物群的各个组成部分，包括Caridea虾，鱼和腹足类，进行专性的两栖迁徙，即幼虫被释放在上游的淡水河段，向下游漂流到河口或海洋沃茨，然后作为后期幼虫向上游迁移到淡水成体栖息地。从河口到源头的纵向迁移是有据可查的许多amphirmous物种，但对大多数物种的程度的河流海洋扩散知之甚少。我们需要更好地了解海洋扩散的潜力，在人口过程中的两栖动物物种，特别是在受影响的lotic系统，如波多黎各的繁殖和人口恢复，因为一些理论的传播与海洋幼虫的物种预测高利率的自我招聘。我们测试了波多黎各11种两栖动物物种（包括虾、鱼和腹足动物）的种群遗传预测，以预测广泛的海洋幼虫扩散和自我补充到纳塔尔河。线粒体DNA数据的群体遗传分析表明，河流之间的基因流动率高，并表明海洋扩散决定了所有11个物种的群体遗传结构。在招募洋流的困难，促进封闭的种群结构，在一些海洋物种，但在下游河流中夹带的两栖类物种的幼虫可能更容易交付洋流。种群恢复过程发生在岛屿尺度，而不是河流尺度，但需要进一步研究，以确定种群恢复过程是否可能在更大的空间尺度（例如，岛屿）。河流管理战略应保持环境流量，允许幼虫出口，保持纵向扩散途径大坝溢洪道和通过地下通道，并保持开放和健康的河口。
Various components of island stream faunas, including caridean shrimps, fish, and gastropods, undertake obligate amphidromous migration, whereby larvae are released in upstream freshwater reaches, drift downstream to estuaries or marine waters, then migrate upstream as postlarvae to freshwater adult habitats. Longitudinal migration from estuaries to headwaters is well documented for many amphidromous species, but the degree of among-river marine dispersal is poorly known for most species. We need better understanding of the potential for marine dispersal in population processes of amphidromous species, particularly recolonization and population recovery in impacted lotic systems, such as those on Puerto Rico, because some theories of dispersal for species with marine larvae predict high rates of self-recruitment. We tested population genetic predictions for widespread marine larval dispersal and self-recruitment to the natal river for 11 amphidromous species, including shrimps, fish, and a gastropod, in Puerto Rico. Population genetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA data showed high rates of gene flow among rivers and indicated that marine dispersal determines the population genetic structure of all 11 species. Difficulty in recruiting to oceanic currents promotes closed population structures in some marine species, but larvae of amphidromous species entrained in downstream river flow might be delivered more readily to ocean currents. Population recovery processes occurred at the island scale rather than at the river scale, but further studies are needed to identify whether population recovery processes are likely at larger spatial scales (e.g., among islands). River management strategies should maintain environmental flows that allow larval export, maintain longitudinal dispersal pathways over dam spillways and via subterranean passages, and maintain open and healthy estuaries.