Facilitating Collective Psychosocial Resilience in the Public in Emergencies: Twelve Recommendations Based on the Social Identity Approach
Facilitating Collective Psychosocial Resilience in the Public in Emergencies: Twelve Recommendations Based on the Social Identity Approach
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DOI：
10.3389/fpubh.2019.00141
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发表时间：
2019-06-04
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Amlot, Richard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Drury, John;Carter, Holly;Amlot, Richard
积累的证据表明，社会心理学对公众作为紧急情况下的直接响应者的行为具有中心意义。这种公共行为是社会心理过程的一种功能--特别是身份和规范。此外，当局和相关专业团体对突发事件中人们的社会心理的看法决定了在准备、反应和恢复方面的政策和实践。因此，这些假设会对公众作为直接响应者的能力产生影响。在这次政策与实践审查中，我们将做三件事。首先，我们将概述对紧急情况和灾难幸存者行为的研究，提取已知的关键因素，解释幸存者在这些事件中的合作程度，并为安全的集体结果做出贡献。我们将展示社会认同方法的效用，作为解释紧急情况下幸存者集体支持行为的主要机制的总体框架。其次，我们将批判性地审查最近和当前英国政府机构关于应急响应的指导方针，特别是关于幸存者在紧急情况和灾难中的作用的规定。这项审查将表明，“社区复原力”议程在实践中只有部分实现，但社会认同方法正在推动这一进程。第三，我们将从研究文献和与参与紧急情况的团体的对话中得出一套12项建议，供紧急情况管理人员和受紧急情况和灾害影响的公众使用。这些重点是建立共同身份和交流的关键需要，以及这两个目标之间的联系。将我们的建议纳入紧急指导和培训将有助于集体心理社会复原力，这指的是共同的身份使幸存者群体能够表达并期望团结和凝聚力，从而协调和利用集体支助来源。总而言之，这个证据基础和我们从中得出的建议将有助于参与应急管理的专业人员支持公众的弹性行为，并将帮助公众发展和保持他们自己的弹性能力。
Accumulated evidence demonstrates the centrality of social psychology to the behavior of members of the public as immediate responders in emergencies. Such public behavior is a function of social psychological processes-in particular identities and norms. In addition, what the authorities and relevant professional groups assume about the social psychology of people in emergencies shapes policy and practice in preparedness, response, and recovery. These assumptions therefore have consequences for the public's ability to act as immediate responders. In this Policy and Practice Review, we will do three things. First, we will overview research on the behavior of survivors of emergencies and disasters, drawing out key factors known to explain the extent to which survivors cooperate in these events and contribute to safe collective outcomes. We will demonstrate the utility of the social identity approach as an overarching framework for explaining the major mechanisms of collective supportive behavior among survivors in emergencies. Second, we will critically review recent and current UK government agency guidance on emergency response, focusing particularly on what is stated about the role of survivors in emergencies and disasters. This review will suggest that the "community resilience" agenda has only been partly realized in practice, but that the social identity approach is progressing this. Third, we will derive from the research literature and from dialogue with groups involved in emergencies a set of 12 recommendations for both emergency managers and members of the public affected by emergencies and disasters. These focus on the crucial need to build shared identity and to communicate, and the connection between these two aims. Including our recommendations within emergency guidance and training will facilitate collective psychosocial resilience, which refers to the way a shared identity allows groups of survivors to express and expect solidarity and cohesion, and thereby to coordinate and draw upon collective sources of support. In sum, this evidence-base and the recommendations we derive from it will help professionals involved in emergency management to support public resilient behaviors and will help the public to develop and maintain their own capacity for such resilience.