Environmental biodiversity, human microbiota, and allergy are interrelated
Environmental biodiversity, human microbiota, and allergy are interrelated
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1205624109
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发表时间：
2012-05-22
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Haahtela, Tari
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hanski, Ilkka;von Hertzen, Leena;Haahtela, Tari
生物多样性的迅速下降可能是另一个全球大趋势的一个促成因素——全球城市人口中过敏症和其他慢性炎症疾病的患病率迅速上升。根据“生物多样性假说”，减少人类与自然环境特征和生物多样性的接触可能会对人类共生微生物群及其免疫调节能力产生不利影响。通过对生活在100 × 150公里异质区域的随机青少年样本的特应性致敏（即过敏倾向）分析，我们发现，研究对象住所周围的环境生物多样性影响了其皮肤上细菌类别的组成。与健康个体相比，特应性个体家庭环境的生物多样性较低，皮肤上的γ变形菌属多样性显著低于健康个体。革兰氏阴性γ变形杆菌的功能作用得到了外周血单核细胞IL-10表达的体外测量的支持，IL-10是免疫耐受中关键的抗炎细胞因子。在健康而非特应性个体中，IL-10的表达与皮肤上γ -变形杆菌属不动杆菌的丰度呈正相关。这些结果提出了关于生物多样性丧失对过敏性疾病和一般公共卫生的影响的基本问题。
Rapidly declining biodiversity may be a contributing factor to another global megatrend-the rapidly increasing prevalence of allergies and other chronic inflammatory diseases among urban populations worldwide. According to the "biodiversity hypothesis," reduced contact of people with natural environmental features and biodiversity may adversely affect the human commensal microbiota and its immunomodulatory capacity. Analyzing atopic sensitization (i.e., allergic disposition) in a random sample of adolescents living in a heterogeneous region of 100 x 150 km, we show that environmental biodiversity in the surroundings of the study subjects' homes influenced the composition of the bacterial classes on their skin. Compared with healthy individuals, atopic individuals had lower environmental biodiversity in the surroundings of their homes and significantly lower generic diversity of gammaproteobacteria on their skin. The functional role of the Gram-negative gammaproteobacteria is supported by in vitro measurements of expression of IL-10, a key anti-inflammatory cytokine in immunologic tolerance, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In healthy, but not in atopic, individuals, IL-10 expression was positively correlated with the abundance of the gammaproteobacterial genus Acinetobacter on the skin. These results raise fundamental questions about the consequences of biodiversity loss for both allergic conditions and public health in general.