Chromosome damage studies in the onion plant Allium cepa L.
Chromosome damage studies in the onion plant Allium cepa L.
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DOI：
10.1080/00087114.2014.891696
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Amon, Tomaz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Firbas, Peter;Amon, Tomaz
洋葱（Allium cepa L.）是一种合适的指示植物，用于确定从环境中采集的样品中的潜在遗传毒性物质。所研究的药剂的遗传毒性水平通过染色体的结构变化及其数量变化来反映。研究中的染色体取自洋葱幼根的分生组织细胞。一个健康的正常洋葱细胞有16条染色体（2n = 16）。它们相对较大，因此非常适合检测形态学变化。在染色体研究之前，将根尖细胞浸入0.1%的秋水仙素水溶液中，该溶液使有丝分裂周期停止超过中期。形态学的变化从单个染色体的单一畸变到在许多染色体上观察到的几种形态学变化不等。我们鉴定了15种形态学畸变，分为三组：染色单体损伤（CtD）、着丝粒损伤（CmD）和染色体损伤（CsD）。CtD包括：单断裂染色单体、双断裂染色单体、等断裂染色单体、多断裂染色单体、间隙染色单体、中心环染色单体、无中心环染色单体和三辐状染色体。CmD包括断裂着丝粒、间隙着丝粒、单断裂着丝粒、双断裂着丝粒和多断裂着丝粒。CsD包括环状染色体和双着丝粒染色体。有时染色体数目也发生变化，表现为非整倍性，单体2n = 15（2n - 16 - 1）和整倍性-基本染色体数目增加（2n - 6x - 8x）。我们还确定了易位：t（3 p-; 5 p+）。
The onion plant (Allium cepa L.) is a suitable indicator plant for the determination of potential genotoxic agents in the samples taken from the environment. The genotoxic level of the agent under study is reflected by structural changes of the chromosomes and their changed numbers. The chromosomes under study are taken from the meristem cells of the young growing onion roots. A healthy normal onion cell has 16 (2n = 16) chromosomes. They are relatively large and so very appropriate for the detection of morphological changes. Prior to the chromosome study the root tip cells were immersed in a 0.1% aquatic solution of colchicine which stopped the mitotic cycle continuing beyond metaphase. The changes in morphology varied from a single distortion of a single chromosome up to several morphological changes observed on many chromosomes. We identified 15 categories of morphological aberrations which are classified into three groups: chromatid damage (CtD), centromere damage (CmD) and chromosome damage (CsD). CtD includes: single break chromatid, double break chromatid, isochromatid break, multiple break chromatid, gap chromatid, centric ring chromatid, acentric ring chromatid and triradial chromosomes. CmD includes: break centromere, gap centromere, single break centromere, double break centromere and multiple break centromere. CsD includes: ring chromosomes and dicentric chromosomes. Sometimes also the chromosome number changed which occurred as aneuploidy with monosomy 2n = 15 (2n - 16 - 1) and euploidy - increased number of the basic chromosome number (2n - 6x - 8x). We identified also the translocation: t(3p-; 5p+).