Fungal Colonization and Infections-Interactions with Other Human Diseases.
Fungal Colonization and Infections-Interactions with Other Human Diseases.
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DOI：
10.3390/pathogens11020212
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发表时间：
2022-02-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Pandiyan P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mahalingam SS;Jayaraman S;Pandiyan P
白色念珠菌是一种共生真菌，60%的健康人的皮肤和粘膜无症状地定植。皮肤和粘膜屏障的破坏引发念珠菌病，从无症状念珠菌病和粘膜感染到暴发性败血症，死亡率为70%。真菌至少影响几种疾病，部分是通过产生致癌因子、分子模拟和触发炎症级联等机制。这些过程影响人类致病真菌和常驻真菌、各种器官/组织中的细菌组和宿主免疫系统之间的相互作用，决定了侵袭性感染、代谢性疾病和癌症的结果。虽然机制研究还处于初级阶段，但最近的研究已经提高了我们对宿主-真菌相互作用、它们在免疫稳态中的作用及其相关病理的理解。这篇综述总结了白色念珠菌和其他机会性真菌的作用，特别是它们与各种疾病的关系，提供了在炎症性肠病（IBD）、癌症和COVID-19背景下的最新发展和我们目前的知识。真菌相互作用的两种最常见的人类疾病是癌症和IBD。在这里，我们还讨论了真菌在正在进行和不断演变的COVID-19大流行中的新作用，因为它与当前的卫生事务有关。
Candida albicans is a commensal fungus that asymptomatically colonizes the skin and mucosa of 60% of healthy individuals. Breaches in the cutaneous and mucosal barriers trigger candidiasis that ranges from asymptomatic candidemia and mucosal infections to fulminant sepsis with 70% mortality rates. Fungi influence at least several diseases, in part by mechanisms such as the production of pro-carcinogenic agents, molecular mimicking, and triggering of the inflammation cascade. These processes impact the interactions among human pathogenic and resident fungi, the bacteriome in various organs/tissues, and the host immune system, dictating the outcomes of invasive infections, metabolic diseases, and cancer. Although mechanistic investigations are at stages of infancy, recent studies have advanced our understanding of host–fungal interactions, their role in immune homeostasis, and their associated pathologies. This review summarizes the role of C. albicans and other opportunistic fungi, specifically their association with various diseases, providing a glimpse at the recent developments and our current knowledge in the context of inflammatory-bowel disease (IBD), cancers, and COVID-19. Two of the most common human diseases where fungal interactions have been previously well-studied are cancer and IBD. Here we also discuss the emerging role of fungi in the ongoing and evolving pandemic of COVID-19, as it is relevant to current health affairs.
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