Effects of provisioning on the social behaviour of Japanese and rhesus macaques: Implications for socioecology
Effects of provisioning on the social behaviour of Japanese and rhesus macaques: Implications for socioecology
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DOI：
10.1007/bf02557710
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发表时间：
1999-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Hill, DA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hill, DA
长期研究表明，生活在自由放养群体中的日本猕猴和恒河猴在社会行为和人际关系方面有着惊人的相似性。这些研究中的绝大多数都是针对已配置的组，并且许多关键原则都是从这些组中派生出来的。众所周知，供给会影响生命史和人口统计学的各个方面，以及社会行为的定量方面，例如梳理毛发和攻击的频率。然而，人们普遍认为，在有粮食供应的人口中观察到的社会行为和关系的基本特征代表了在自然条件下会发生的那些特征。本文回顾了在自然条件下生活的日本猕猴的田野调查结果，并将其与在两种物种的供应群体中进行的多项研究报告的社会行为模式进行了比较。在成年女性之间、成年男性之间以及成年男性和女性之间的社会关系的性质上，差异是明显的。其中一些差异可以归因于与供应相关的攻击性水平的增加。其他似乎与所提供群体的人口特点有关，例如规模大和性别比例不平衡。这些差异可以用来预测生态变量对社会关系和社会结构动态的影响。本文还讨论了如何通过对现有种群和自然种群的进一步实地考察来检验这些预测。
Long-term studies have shown remarkable similarity in the social behaviour and relationships of Japanese and rhesus macaques living in free-ranging groups. The vast majority of these studies have been of provisioned groups and many key principles have been derived from them. Provisioning is known to influence various aspects of life history and demography, as well as quantitative aspects of social behaviour, such as the frequencies of grooming and aggression. It has been widely assumed, however, that the fundamental characteristics of social behaviour and relationships observed in provisioned populations are representative of those that would occur under natural conditions. This paper reviews findings from fieldwork on Japanese macaques living under natural conditions, and compares them with patterns of social behaviour reported by multiple studies of provisioned groups of both species. Differences are apparent in the nature of social relationships between adult females, between adult males, and between adult males and females. Some of these differences can be attributed to the increased levels of aggression associated with provisioning. Others appear to be related to demographic peculiarities of provisioned groups, such as large size and skewed sex ratio. These differences can be used to generate predictions concerning the influence of ecological variables on the dynamics of social relationships and social structure. Ways in which these predictions could be tested by further fieldwork on provisioned and natural populations are discussed.