Selective overweighting of larger magnitudes during noisy numerical comparison

Selective overweighting of larger magnitudes during noisy numerical comparison
复制标题

在嘈杂的数值比较期间选择性地过度加权更大幅度

DOI:
10.1038/s41562-017-0145
复制
发表时间:
2017
影响因子:
29.9
通讯作者:
Summerfield
Summerfield
中科院分区:
心理学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Spitzer;Waschke;Summerfield

文献摘要

参考文献

被引文献

相似文献

人们经常被要求比较数字数据中的平均幅度;例如,当比较两个竞争对手消费者网站上的产品价格时。然而,在分类决策过程中,对数字进行加权、积分和比较的神经和计算机制在很大程度上是未知的。在这里,我们展示了在视觉和听觉任务中,需要对符号数求平均的情况下,系统地偏离了“最佳性”。参与者比较从两个类别中提取的数字,在做出决定时选择性地超重较大的数字,而较大的数字在顶叶皮质上唤起与决策相关的不成比例的更强的神经信号。代表性相似性分析表明,脑电活动模式中的神经(DIS)相似性反映了数字距离,但神经数据中数字的编码以行为加权分布预测的方式系统性地扭曲,相邻较大数字之间的神经距离较大。最后,使用一个简单的计算模型,我们表明,尽管对于无损观测者来说它是次优的,但这种选择性加权策略通过使决策对近似数值积分过程中产生的噪声更稳健,矛盾地最大化了预期精度。换句话说,虽然选择性超重会丢弃决策信息,但对于从事快速数值平均的有限容量代理来说,这可能是有益的。
Humans are often required to compare average magnitudes in numerical data; for example, when comparing product prices on two rival consumer websites. However, the neural and computational mechanisms by which numbers are weighted, integrated and compared during categorical decisions are largely unknown,,,,. Here, we show a systematic deviation from ‘optimality’ in both visual and auditory tasks requiring averaging of symbolic numbers. Participants comparing numbers drawn from two categories selectively overweighted larger numbers when making a decision, and larger numbers evoked disproportionately stronger decision-related neural signals over the parietal cortex. A representational similarity analysis showed that neural (dis)similarity in patterns of electroencephalogram activity reflected numerical distance, but that encoding of number in neural data was systematically distorted in a way predicted by the behavioural weighting profiles, with greater neural distance between adjacent larger numbers. Finally, using a simple computational model, we show that although it is suboptimal for a lossless observer, this selective overweighting policy paradoxically maximizes expected accuracy by making decisions more robust to noise arising during approximate numerical integration. In other words, although selective overweighting discards decision information, it can be beneficial for limited-capacity agents engaging in rapid numerical averaging.
集中注意力和分散注意力下人类感知选择的神经机制
DOI: --
发表时间: 2015
影响因子: 5.3
作者:
V. Wyart;N. Myers;C. Summerfield
通讯作者: C. Summerfield
在无意识的情况下快速并行处理数字语义
DOI: --
发表时间: 2011
期刊: Cognition
影响因子: 3.4
作者:
F. Opstal;F. P. Lange;S. Dehaene
通讯作者: S. Dehaene
作为有效知觉扭曲的前景理论
DOI: --
发表时间: 2012
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
M. Woodford
通讯作者: M. Woodford
DOI: 10.1038/srep10415
发表时间: 2015-06-04
期刊: Scientific reports
影响因子: 4.6
作者:
Brezis N;Bronfman ZZ;Usher M
通讯作者: Usher M
近似数超模态积分期间的节律增益控制
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.12.024
发表时间: 2016
期刊: NeuroImage
影响因子: 5.7
作者:
Spitzer;Blankenburg;Summerfield
通讯作者: Summerfield