PRACTICE-RELATED CHANGES IN HUMAN BRAIN FUNCTIONAL-ANATOMY DURING NONMOTOR LEARNING
PRACTICE-RELATED CHANGES IN HUMAN BRAIN FUNCTIONAL-ANATOMY DURING NONMOTOR LEARNING
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DOI：
10.1093/cercor/4.1.8
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发表时间：
1994-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
PETERSEN, SE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
RAICHLE, ME;FIEZ, JA;PETERSEN, SE
练习新任务可以提高绩效。与练习引起的表现改善相关的大脑机制在很大程度上是未知的。为了解决这个问题，我们在简单的言语反应选择任务（为视觉呈现的名词说一个适当的动词）的幼稚和练习执行过程中，通过正电子发射断层扫描（PET）检查了人脑的功能解剖结构。作为对照状态，受试者被要求重复视觉上呈现的名词。与重复视觉上呈现的名词相比，在幼稚表演期间最活跃的大脑区域（前扣带回、左前额叶和左后颞叶皮质以及右小脑半球）在练习表演期间都显着不太活跃。这些变化伴随着双侧侧裂岛叶皮质和左侧内侧纹状体皮质的相反方向的变化。实际上，简短的练习使得用于言语反应选择的皮层回路与简单的单词重复无法区分。新颖的单词列表的引入扭转了与学习相关的效果。这些结果表明，两个不同的回路可以用于言语反应选择，并且正常受试者可以在不到 15 分钟的练习后改变任务执行过程中使用的大脑回路。确定所使用的电路的一个关键因素似乎是任务的学习或自动程度。
Practice of a novel task leads to improved performance. The brain mechanisms associated with practice-induced improvement in performance are largely unknown. To address this question we have examined the functional anatomy of the human brain with positron emission tomography (PET) during the naive and practiced performance of a simple verbal response selection task (saying an appropriate verb for a visually presented noun). As a control state, subjects were asked to repeat the visually presented nouns. Areas of the brain most active during naive performance (anterior cingulate, left prefrontal and left posterior temporal cortices, and the right cerebellar hemisphere), compared to repeating the visually presented nouns, were all significantly less active during practiced performance. These changes were accompanied by changes in the opposite direction in sylvian-insular cortex bilaterally and left medial extrastriate cortex. In effect, brief practice made the cortical circuitry used for verbal response selection indistinguishable from simple word repetition. Introduction of a novel list of words reversed the learning-related effects. These results indicate that two distinct circuits can he used for verbal response selection and normal subjects can change the brain circuits used during task performance following less than 15 min of practice. One critical factor in determining the circuitry used appears to be the degree to which a task is learned or automatic.