The More the Merrier? A Large Cladistic Analysis of Mysticetes, and Comments on the Transition from Teeth to Baleen
The More the Merrier? A Large Cladistic Analysis of Mysticetes, and Comments on the Transition from Teeth to Baleen
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DOI：
10.1007/s10914-010-9148-4
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发表时间：
2011-06-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Marx, Felix G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marx, Felix G.
须鲸的起源，以及它们特殊的滤食模式，标志着哺乳动物进化史上的一个重要事件，这一事件导致了今天最具特色的动物群体之一。近年来已经看到了一些重要的新标本的描述，以及出版了大量的系统发育分析。然而，尽管付出了巨大的努力，迄今为止，关于这个群体内部最基本的关系的广泛共识仍然难以捉摸，这一事实可能最引人注目地反映在关于现存灰鲸和侏儒露脊鲸的分类位置的持续辩论中，以及神秘王冠群所有现存成员的相对密切关系的问题上。在这里，我提出了迄今为止进行的灭绝和现存须鲸的分类学上最全面的系统发育分析，基于形态学数据，并利用最大简约和贝叶斯方法。本研究的结果得到了很好的解决，并且在各种方法中保持一致。除了恢复一个由侏儒露脊鲸、灰鲸和罗夸尔组成的分支外，这是一个新的形态学分析，但得到了许多分子研究的支持，这项调查还揭示了前一个分支与大量灭绝物种的关系比露脊鲸更密切，因此与以前密切相关的神秘冠群的概念相矛盾。此外，这项分析还确定了一个新的分支，包括几乎所有描述的古老的牙齿mysticlephe从晚渐新世（约23-28马），排除所有无齿mysticlephe。这一发现是一致的牙齿mysticete视觉的功能形态的基本评估，并可能有影响的mysticete滤食性的进化和最近提出的解释，这些古老的类群作为过渡形式同时拥有牙齿和鲸须。
The origin of baleen whales, and their specialized mode of filter-feeding, marks an important event in the evolutionary history of mammals that gave rise to one of the most distinctive groups of animals alive today. Recent years have seen the description of a number of important new specimens, as well as the publication of a large number of phylogenetic analyses. Yet, despite this great effort, a broad consensus on even the most fundamental relationships within this group has so far remained elusive, a fact perhaps most strikingly reflected in the ongoing debate regarding the taxonomic placement of the extant gray and pygmy right whales, as well as the question of the relative closeness of relationship of all the extant members of the mysticete crown group. Here, I present the taxonomically most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of extinct and extant baleen whales carried out to date, based on morphological data and utilizing both maximum parsimony and Bayesian methodologies. The results of this study were well resolved and consistent across methodologies. Apart from recovering a clade comprising the pygmy right whale, gray whales, and rorquals, a grouping new to morphological analyses but supported by a number of molecular studies, this investigation also revealed the former clade to be more closely related to a large number of extinct species than to right whales, thus contradicting previous notions of a closely related mysticete crown group. In addition, this analysis also identified a novel clade comprising nearly all the described archaic toothed mysticetes from the late Oligocene (about 23-28 Ma) to the exclusion of all toothless mysticetes. This finding is consistent with a basic assessment of the functional morphology of toothed mysticete vision, and may have implications for the evolution of mysticete filter-feeding and the recently proposed interpretation of some of these archaic taxa as transitional forms possessing both teeth and baleen at the same time.