Judging the Judges' Performance in Rhythmic Gymnastics
Judging the Judges' Performance in Rhythmic Gymnastics
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DOI：
10.1249/mss.0000000000000425
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发表时间：
2015-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Smyrnis, Nikolaos
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Flessas, Konstantinos;Mylonas, Dimitris;Smyrnis, Nikolaos
简介：艺术体操（RG）是一项平衡艺术和体育的美学活动，也有国际体操联合会给出的表现评级系统（分数代码）。它是比赛结果在很大程度上取决于裁判员评价的运动项目之一。在当前的研究中，我们探讨了裁判的表现，在五个体操合奏套路。研究方法：专家新手范例（10个国际级，10个国家级，和10个新手级的法官）下实施了一个完全模拟的程序，判断在一个五体操合奏常规RG使用两个视频的例程由希腊国家队的RG。在判断过程中，同时记录二维眼球运动，以评估每个裁判观看视频所花费的时间百分比和每个裁判在体操运动员表现出现错误时的固定表现。结果如下：所有裁判水平组对体操运动员套路的错误识别表现都很一般，最好的国际裁判报告了大约40%的真实错误。与国内和国际法官相比，新手法官花了更多的时间观看视频，并花了更多的时间固定检测到的错误比其他两组。国家法官是唯一有效利用注视来发现错误的群体。结论：国际水平的法官表现优于其他两组，而不依赖于视觉固定来检测错误，这一事实表明，这些经验丰富的法官可能会利用其他认知策略，提高他们的整体错误检测效率，这是，然而，仍然远远低于最佳。
Introduction: Rhythmic gymnastics (RG) is an aesthetic event balancing between art and sport that also has a performance rating system (Code of Points) given by the International Gymnastics Federation. It is one of the sports in which competition results greatly depend on the judges' evaluation. In the current study, we explored the judges' performance in a five-gymnast ensemble routine. Methods: An expert-novice paradigm (10 international-level, 10 national-level, and 10 novice-level judges) was implemented under a fully simulated procedure of judgment in a five-gymnast ensemble routine of RG using two videos of routines performed by the Greek national team of RG. Simultaneous recordings of two-dimensional eye movements were taken during the judgment procedure to assess the percentage of time spent by each judge viewing the videos and fixation performance of each judge when an error in gymnast performance had occurred. Results: All judge level groups had very modest performance of error recognition on gymnasts' routines, and the best international judges reported approximately 40% of true errors. Novice judges spent significantly more time viewing the videos compared with national and international judges and spent significantly more time fixating detected errors than the other two groups. National judges were the only group that made efficient use of fixation to detect errors. Conclusions: The fact that international-level judges outperformed both other groups, while not relying on visual fixation to detect errors, suggests that these experienced judges probably make use of other cognitive strategies, increasing their overall error detection efficiency, which was, however, still far below optimum.