Effects of biochar on carbon and nitrogen fluxes in boreal forest soil
Effects of biochar on carbon and nitrogen fluxes in boreal forest soil
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DOI：
10.1007/s11104-018-3568-y
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发表时间：
2018-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Marjo Palviainen;F. Berninger;V. Bruckman;Kajar Köster;C. R. M. Assumpção;Heidi Aaltonen;N. Makita;A. Mishra;L. Kulmala;B. Adamczyk;Xuan Zhou;J. Heinonsalo;E. Köster;J. Pumpanen
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作者：
Marjo Palviainen;F. Berninger;V. Bruckman;Kajar Köster;C. R. M. Assumpção;Heidi Aaltonen;N. Makita;A. Mishra;L. Kulmala;B. Adamczyk;Xuan Zhou;J. Heinonsalo;E. Köster;J. Pumpanen
背景和目标向土壤中添加生物炭可能会通过增加土壤碳储量、提高土壤肥力和促进植物生长来缓解气候变化。生物炭在微生物活性有限的寒冷环境中的影响仍然知之甚少。方法为了了解不同类型和施用率的生物炭对北方森林碳 (C) 和氮 (N) 通量的影响程度，我们进行了一项田间实验，其中两种不同的云杉生物炭（热解温度 500 °C 和 650 °C）以 0、5 和 10 t ha−1toPinus 的施用率施用芬兰的樟子松森林。结果在处理后的第二个夏天，土壤二氧化碳流出量对生物炭的添加没有明显的反应。仅在 6 月，10 t ha−1biochar (650 °C) 地块的 CO2 流出量明显高于对照地块。生物炭的热解温度不影响土壤CO2流出。添加 10 t ha−1 生物炭的地块的土壤 pH 值有所增加。生物炭处理对土壤微生物量和生物固氮没有显着影响。有机层中的氮矿化率往往随着生物炭用量的增加而增加，但没有检测到统计上显着的影响。结论结果表明，向北方森林土壤添加 5-10 t ha−1 的木质生物炭改良率不会导致土壤 CO2 流出量发生大的或长期的变化，也不会导致原生土壤碳储量的减少。此外，结果表明，至少在这个时间范围内，生物炭不会对北方旱地森林中的土壤微生物生物量或关键氮循环过程产生不利影响。因此，生物炭似乎是缓解气候变化和在北方森林土壤中封存额外碳的有前途的工具。
Background and aimsThe addition of biochar to soil may offer a chance to mitigate climate change by increasing soil carbon stocks, improving soil fertility and enhancing plant growth. The impacts of biochar in cold environments with limited microbial activity are still poorly known.MethodsIn order to understand to what extent different types and application rates of biochar affect carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fluxes in boreal forests, we conducted a field experiment where two different spruce biochars (pyrolysis temperatures 500 °C and 650 °C) were applied at the rate of 0, 5 and 10 t ha−1toPinus sylvestrisforests in Finland.ResultsDuring the second summer after treatment, soil CO2effluxes showed no clear response to biochar addition. Only in June, the 10 t ha−1biochar (650 °C) plots had significantly higher CO2effluxes compared to the control plots. The pyrolysis temperature of biochar did not affect soil CO2effluxes. Soil pH increased in the plots receiving 10 t ha−1biochar additions. Biochar treatments had no significant effect on soil microbial biomass and biological N fixation. Nitrogen mineralization rates in the organic layer tended to increase with the amount of biochar, but no statistically significant effect was detected.ConclusionsThe results suggest that wood biochar amendment rates of 5–10 t ha−1to boreal forest soil do not cause large or long-term changes in soil CO2effluxes or reduction in native soil C stocks. Furthermore, the results imply that biochar does not adversely affect soil microbial biomass or key N cycling processes in boreal xeric forests, at least within this time frame. Thus, it seems that biochar is a promising tool to mitigate climate change and sequester additional C in boreal forest soils.