Orientation by jumping spiders in the absence of visual feedback.
Orientation by jumping spiders in the absence of visual feedback.
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在没有视觉反馈的情况下通过跳蛛进行定向。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1971
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
M. Land
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Land
1.跳蛛转向面对移动的物体。这些转向是由侧眼调节的。无论蜘蛛是否看到刺激物在视网膜上的相对运动，它们都可以准确地完成，而这种相对运动通常是由这种转动引起的。2.蜘蛛对适当刺激的反应可能是：（1）作一个“完全”转动，引起前正中眼的注视;（2）作一个10-20°的“部分”转动，其大小与刺激位置无关，也不会引起注视;或（3）忽略它。要被看到，刺激必须对向超过0.7°（略小于感受器之间的距离），并且必须移动大约1°的最小角度。4.在距离蜘蛛9正面40-90°的刺激下，转向的可能性最大，而在动物后面和正前方的刺激下，转向的可能性降低到一个低值。对视网膜的一个部分重复呈现刺激导致做出转向的概率迅速降低到零，但是通过将刺激移动几度到视网膜的先前未受刺激的部分仍然可以诱发转向。习惯不会影响所做的几个转弯的大小。不适可以由机械刺激引起，也可以自发发生。6.侧眼的视野已经通过使每只眼睛失明并确定不能诱发转动的视野部分而在水平面中测量。7.除了转向刺激外，还描述了由侧眼介导的三种反应。
1. Jumping spiders turn to face moving objects. These turns are mediated by the lateral eyes. They can be accomplished accurately whether or not the spider sees the relative movement of the stimulus across the retinae which would normally result from such a turn. 2. The spider9s response to an adequate stimulus may be: (i) to make a ‘complete’ turn resulting in fixation by the antero-median eyes; (ii) to make a ‘partial’ turn of 10-20°, whose magnitude is independent of stimulus position, and which does notresult in fixation, or (iii) to ignore it. 3. To be seen, a stimulus must subtend more than 0.7° (slightly less than the distance between receptors) and must move through a minimum angle of about 1°. 4. The probability of a turn being made is greatest for stimuli 40-90° from the spider9s front, and decreases to a low value for stimuli behind the animal, and immediately in front of it. 5. Repeated presentation of a stimulus to one part of the retina results in a rapid decrease to zero of the probability of a turn being made, but turns can still be evoked by moving the stimulus a few degrees to a previously unstimulated part of the retina. Habituation does not affect the sizes of the few turns that are made. Dishabituation can be caused by mechanical stimulation, or it may occur spontaneously. 6. The fields of view of the lateral eyes have been measured in the horizontal plane by blinding each eye and determining the parts of the visual field from which turns could not be evoked. 7. Three kinds of response mediated by the lateral eyes, in addition to turns towards the stimulus, are described.