Preliminary evidence of toxicity associated with the benthic cyanobacterium Phormidium in South Australia
Preliminary evidence of toxicity associated with the benthic cyanobacterium Phormidium in South Australia
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DOI：
10.1002/tox.10009.abs
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发表时间：
2001-12-01
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Saint, CP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baker, PD;Steffensen, DA;Saint, CP
2000年4月，南澳的约克半岛的供水被认为是不可饮用的，因为从底栖蓝细菌的增殖中提取的提取物。对小鼠腹腔注射400 mg kg（-1），发现上Paskeville水库中的formosum具有致死毒性。常规水质监测未能发现席藻的发展，直到收到消费者投诉，由于生产2-甲基异冰片（MIB）而产生发霉的味道和气味。185毫升的开放式平衡储存，接收来自墨累河的过滤和加氯水，与饮用水供应隔离，并向大约15 000名消费者发出健康警报。迄今为止，该毒素的身份尚不清楚，但小鼠的临床毒性症状和化学特征与已知的主要蓝藻毒素不同。这种毒素的初步特征表明，它在水和有机溶剂中的溶解度低，与细丝的颗粒细胞物质密切相关。提取物的毒性减少煮沸和用氯处理，但不是由氯胺。对阿德莱德市托伦斯湖漂浮蓝藻垫的进一步测试（席藻）。formosum）和Myponga水库（Phormidium aff.在2000/2001年度的小鼠生物测定中也发现amoenum）具有毒性。单特异性培养菌株的毒性尚未得到证实，需要进一步研究以确定毒素并评估其健康意义。已开始分离株的遗传特性鉴定，试图对其亲缘关系进行分类，并协助快速鉴定潜在的毒性菌株。(C)2001年，John Wiley & Sons出版。Inc.
In April 2000, the water supply for Yorke Peninsula in South Australia was deemed nonpotable when extracts from a proliferation of the benthic cyanobacterium Phormidium aff. formosum in Upper Paskeville Reservoir were found to be lethally toxic by intraperitoneal injection into mice (400 mg kg(-1)). Routine water quality monitoring had failed to detect the development of the Phormidium until complaints of musty taste and odour, attributable to the production of 2-methyl-isoborneol (MIB), were received from the consumers. The 185 ML open-balancing storage, receiving filtered and chloraminated water from the River Murray, was isolated from the drinking water supply and a health alert was issued to approximately 15,000 consumers. The identity of the toxin(s) is thus far unknown, but clinical symptoms of toxicity in mice and chemical characteristics are distinct from the known major cyanotoxins. Preliminary characterisation of this toxin indicates that it has low solubility in water and organic solvents and is strongly associated with the particulate cellular material of the filaments. Toxicity of extracts was diminished by boiling and by treatment with chlorine, but not by chloramines. Further testing of floating cyanobacterial mats in the Torrens Lake in the city of Adelaide (Phormidium aff. formosum) and Myponga Reservoir (Phormidium aff. amoenum) in 2000/2001 was also found to be toxic by mouse bioassay. Toxicity is yet to be confirmed in monospecific cultured strains and further studies are required to identify the toxin and assess its health significance. Genetic characterisation of isolates has commenced in an attempt to classify their relatedness and to assist in the rapid identification of potentially toxic strains. (C) 2001 by John Wiley & Sons. Inc.