Association of trauma and PTSD symptoms with openness to reconciliation and feelings of revenge among former Ugandan and Congolese child soldiers
Association of trauma and PTSD symptoms with openness to reconciliation and feelings of revenge among former Ugandan and Congolese child soldiers
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DOI：
10.1001/jama.298.5.555
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发表时间：
2007-08-01
影响因子：
120.7
通讯作者：
Adam, Hubertus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bayer, Christophe Pierre;Klasen, Fionna;Adam, Hubertus
在过去十年中，全世界估计有25万儿童兵，其中有数万人在非洲五大湖地区受到虐待或曾经受到虐待。在重建被战争破坏的社会的过程中，了解心理创伤如何影响前儿童兵的和解能力是很重要的。目的探讨乌干达和刚果前儿童兵创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）症状与和解开放性和报复感之间的关系。对169名前儿童兵的跨部门实地研究（11-18岁）在乌干达和刚果民主共和国的康复中心，主要结果：通过特定样本事件量表评估的潜在创伤性战争相关经历;使用儿童创伤后应激障碍反应指数评估PTSD症状（CPTSD-RI），得分为35或更高，表明临床上重要的PTSD症状;结果参与本研究的儿童平均年龄为15.3岁。这些前儿童兵报告说，他们在很小的时候就被武装部队（暴力）招募（平均12.1 [ 2]岁），服役平均38个月（平均24个月），在收集数据之前复员平均2.3个月（平均2.4个月）。儿童暴露于高水平的潜在创伤事件（平均值[ SD]，11.1 [2.99]）。最常报告的创伤经历是目睹枪击（92.9%），目睹有人受伤（89.9%）和被严重殴打（84%）。共有54.4%的人报告曾杀人，27.8%的人报告曾被迫进行性接触。在169名受访者中，59人（34.9%; 95%置信区间，34.4%-35.4%）的PTSD症状评分高于35。表现出更多PTSD症状的儿童对和解的开放性明显较低（rho=-0.34，P
Context Tens of thousands of the estimated 250 000 child soldiers worldwide are abused or have been abused during the last decade in Africa's Great Lakes Region. In the process of rebuilding the war-torn societies, it is important to understand how psychological trauma may shape the former child soldiers' ability to reconcile.Objective To investigate the association of posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD) symptoms and openness to reconciliation and feelings of revenge in former Ugandan and Congolese child soldiers.Design, Setting, and Participants Cross-sectional field study of 169 former child soldiers ( aged 11-18 years) in rehabilitation centers in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, conducted in 2005.Main Outcome Measures Potentially traumatic war-related experiences assessed via a sample-specific events scale; PTSD symptoms assessed using the Child Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index (CPTSD-RI), with a score of 35 or higher indicating clinically important PTSD symptoms; and openness to reconciliation and feelings of revenge assessed via structured questionnaires.Results Children participating in this study were a mean of 15.3 years old. These former child soldiers reported that they had been ( violently) recruited by armed forces at a young age ( mean [ SD], 12.1 [ 2] years), had served a mean of 38 months ( SD, 24 months), and had been demobilized a mean of 2.3 months before data collection ( SD, 2.4 months). The children were exposed to a high level of potentially traumatic events ( mean [ SD], 11.1 [2.99]). The most commonly reported traumatic experiences were having witnessed shooting (92.9%), having witnessed someone wounded (89.9%), and having been seriously beaten (84%). A total of 54.4% reported having killed someone, and 27.8% reported that they were forced to engage in sexual contact. Of the 169 interviewed, 59 (34.9%; 95% confidence interval, 34.4%-35.4%) had a PTSD symptom score higher than 35. Children who showed more PTSD symptoms had significantly less openness to reconciliation (rho=- 0.34, P