Categories and Their Role in the Science of Emotion.
Categories and Their Role in the Science of Emotion.
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DOI：
10.1080/1047840x.2017.1261581
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
9.3
通讯作者：
Barrett LF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barrett LF
情感科学中存在着一种令人困惑的情况：有多种理论，几乎在所有可以想象到的方面都彼此存在很大差异：关于如何定义情感的细节；关于如何定义情感的细节；关于如何定义情感的细节；关于如何定义情感的细节；关于如何定义情感的细节。在哪里划定什么是情绪、什么不是情绪的界限；哪些情绪很重要；情绪与情绪、奖励和动机等相关概念有何不同；以及如何对待各种现象，例如面部动作、生理变化和感觉。理论甚至对于哪些观察和测量可以作为假设检验的证据存在分歧。科学家们试图以所有生物处理变异的方式为这个令人眼花缭乱的理论提供秩序：我们形成类别。科学家喜欢将事物分类为组或组，然后命名它们。亚里士多德以严格有序的“类型学”或“分类法”对从动物到政府的各种事物进行了分类。卡尔·林奈创建了植物、动物和矿物的分类法，在某种程度上，至今生物学家仍在使用。物理学家和小说家艾伦·莱特曼雄辩地描述了分类的诱惑：
A perplexing situation persists in the science of emotion: There are a multitude of theories that vary a great deal from one another in almost every way imaginable: on the details of how an emotion should be defined; on where to draw the boundaries for what counts as an emotion and what does not; on which emotions matter; on how emotions are different from related concepts like mood, reward, and motivation; and on how various phenomena such as facial movements, physiological changes, and feelings should be treated. Theories even disagree on what observations and measurements counts as evidence for hypothesis testing. Scientists attempt to bring order to this dizzying cornucopia of theories in the same way that all living creatures deal with variation: We form categories.Scientists love to sort things into groups or sets and then name them. Aristotle famously catalogued all sorts of stuff—from animals to governments—into strictly ordered “typologies” or “taxonomies.” Carl Linnaeus created a taxonomy of plants, animals, and minerals that, to some extent, is still in use by biologists today. Physicist and novelist Alan Lightman eloquently described the lure of categorization: