Leucine-enriched nutrients and the regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin signalling and human skeletal muscle protein synthesis
Leucine-enriched nutrients and the regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin signalling and human skeletal muscle protein synthesis
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DOI：
10.1097/mco.0b013e3282fa17fb
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发表时间：
2008-05-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Rasmussen, Blake B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Drummond, Micah J.;Rasmussen, Blake B.
综述的目的重点介绍最近的研究，这些研究涉及氨基酸(主要是亮氨酸和必需氨基酸)刺激人类骨骼肌蛋白质合成的细胞信号机制。最近的研究发现，摄入富含亮氨酸的必需氨基酸营养液可以快速有效地激活哺乳动物的雷帕霉素信号通路和人体骨骼肌蛋白质合成的靶点。此外，当耐力运动后摄入富含亮氨酸的营养物质时，mTOR信号和肌肉蛋白质合成得到增强。在常规膳食中添加亮氨酸可能会提高老年人肌肉的摄食能力，以刺激蛋白质的合成。概述亮氨酸和必需氨基酸似乎主要通过激活哺乳动物雷帕霉素信号通路的靶点来刺激人类肌肉蛋白质的合成。人类肌肉细胞如何感知亮氨酸和/或必需氨基酸的增加，以激活哺乳动物雷帕霉素信号的靶标，目前尚不清楚。然而，最近的研究表明，hVps34和MAP43K可能参与了这一过程。摄取富含亮氨酸的必需氨基酸，在某些情况下结合抵抗力运动，可能是一种有用的干预措施，可以促进mTOR信号和蛋白质合成，努力对抗各种肌肉萎缩状况(例如，骨骼减少、恶病质、艾滋病、缺乏活动/卧床休息、败血症、肾衰竭和创伤)。
Purpose of reviewTo highlight recent studies that have examined the cell-signalling mechanisms responsible for the amino acid (primarily leucine and the essential amino acids) stimulation of human skeletal muscle protein synthesis.Recent findingsIngestion of a leucine-enriched essential amino acid nutrient solution rapidly and potently activates the mammalian target of rapamycin signalling pathway and protein synthesis in human skeletal muscle. Further, mTOR signalling and muscle protein synthesis are enhanced when leucine-enriched nutrients are ingested following resistance exercise. The addition of leucine to regular meals may improve the ability of feeding to stimulate protein synthesis in old human muscle.SummaryLeucine and essential amino acids appear to stimulate human muscle protein synthesis primarily by activating the mammalian target of rapamycin signalling pathway. How human muscle cells sense an increase in leucine and/or essential amino acids to activate mammalian target of rapamycin signalling is currently unknown. Recent work, however, suggests that the kinases hVps34 and MAP43K may be involved. Leucine-enriched essential amino acid ingestion, in combination with resistance exercise in some cases, may be a useful intervention to promote mTOR signalling and protein synthesis in an effort to counteract a variety of muscle wasting conditions (e.g. sarcopenia, cachexia, AIDS, inactivity/bed rest, sepsis, kidney failure, and trauma).