Impact of seasonal variations in weekday electricity use on urban air temperature observed in Osaka, Japan
Impact of seasonal variations in weekday electricity use on urban air temperature observed in Osaka, Japan
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DOI：
10.1002/qj.2698
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
Y. Ohashi;Makoto Suido;Y. Kikegawa;T. Ihara;Y. Shigeta;M. Nabeshima
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Y. Ohashi;Makoto Suido;Y. Kikegawa;T. Ihara;Y. Shigeta;M. Nabeshima
在日本大坂市区的办公室和商业建筑，公寓楼和单户家庭地区，分析了影响城市温度的人类活动信号（HAS）的季节变化。在14个地区的建筑物屋顶和地面观察到温度。HAS的空间和时间模式被确定为一个组合的春季和秋季中间季节，夏季降温季节，冬季供暖季节，通过观察工作日和周末之间的温度差异后，贴现自然诱导的温度信号。夏季白天出现正HAS（工作日温度较高），JST 1200 h（UTC + 9 h）附近的值在市中心办公室和混合建筑区超过1 °C，在周围的内陆住宅区超过0.5-0.7 °C。然而，在冬季白天，所有地区都出现了负HAS（工作日温度较低）。在1200至1500 h之间，最大负值范围为−0.3至−0.4 °C。对30年HAS数据的统计分析提供了足够的证据，证明热泵空调的增加导致冬季白天的负HAS以及夏季白天的正HAS。虽然夏季所有地区的夜间都没有观测到HAS，但冬季0000至0200 h之间的HAS值为0.3-0.4 °C，在内陆住宅区尤为突出。在供暖季节，这种夜间正HAS最有可能是由于加热的室内空气逐渐通风以及供暖系统运行的建筑物墙壁的显热传递。HAS的季节变化与空调的能耗有关，并且使用简单的一维混合层模型预测了由于废热引起的预期温度升高。
Seasonal variations in the human activity signal (HAS) affecting the urban temperature were analysed in districts with offices and commercial buildings, apartment buildings, and single‐family households in the urban area of Osaka, Japan. Temperatures were observed at building rooftops and at ground level in 14 districts. Spatial and temporal patterns of HAS were identified for a combined spring and autumn intermediate season, the summer cooling season, and the winter heating season by observing the temperature differences between weekdays and weekends after discounting the naturally induced temperature signal. A positive HAS (higher weekday temperatures) was observed during daytime hours in summer and the values around 1200 h JST (UTC + 9 h) exceeded 1 °C at the downtown office and mixed‐building districts and 0.5–0.7 °C in the surrounding inland residential districts. However, a negative HAS (lower weekday temperatures) extended throughout all districts during daytime hours in winter. The maximum negative values ranged from −0.3 to −0.4 °C between 1200 and 1500 h. Statistical analyses of 30‐year HAS data provided sufficient evidence that an increase in heat pump air‐conditioning caused negative HAS in winter daytime hours as well as positive HAS in summer daytime hours. While HAS was not observed at night‐time in all districts during summer, positive HAS in winter had values of 0.3–0.4 °C between 0000 and 0200 h and was especially prominent at inland residential districts. This night‐time positive HAS in the heating season was most likely due to a gradual ventilation of heated indoor air and an outgoing sensible heat transfer from the walls of buildings where heating systems were operated. Seasonal variation of HAS was related to the energy consumption due to air‐conditioning, and the expected temperature increase due to the waste heat was predicted using a simple one‐dimensional mixing‐layer model.