Optimization of elevator evacuation considering potential over-crowding
Optimization of elevator evacuation considering potential over-crowding
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DOI：
10.1109/wcica.2014.7053146
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发表时间：
2014-06
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Ning Ding;Tao Chen;P. Luh;Hui Zhang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ning Ding;Tao Chen;P. Luh;Hui Zhang
美国、中国和英国等许多国家都考虑在高层建筑的安全楼层（如避难楼层）使用安全电梯（如消防电梯），以加快紧急疏散速度。然而，出于安全原因，例如滑轮牵引和制动能力，电梯被设计成在过载时不运行。因此，当汽车超载时，过度拥挤实际上可能会减缓建筑物的疏散速度。因此，如何在考虑潜在拥挤的情况下加快电梯疏散速度是一个重要的问题。该问题是困难的，因为不确定的交通和复杂的电梯调度。为了减少交通的不确定性，一个趋势是使用智能高层建筑中的监控摄像头来了解等待疏散的人数。为避免电梯超载现象，多部电梯将根据等待疏散人员的数量被派往同一楼层。为了减少电梯调度的复杂性，所有电梯被分成组，每组中有一个或多个电梯。然后，这些小组将被分配到不同的楼层，根据等待疏散人数。我们的目标是在保证人员安全的前提下，最大限度地缩短疏散时间。利用Matlab中的遗传算法工具箱对该问题进行求解。最后，以一个案例说明，与一层一车的情况相比，我们的电梯调度可以减少疏散时间。
Many countries, such as the US, China, and the UK, have considered using safe elevators (such as fire elevators) on safe floors (such as refuge floors) in high-rise buildings to speed up emergency evacuation. However, for safety reasons such as sheave traction and brake capability, elevators are designed not to operate when overloaded. Overcrowding, then, may actually slow down building evacuation when a car is overloaded. As a result, how to speed up elevator evacuation considering potential overcrowding is an important issue. This problem is difficult because of the uncertain traffic and complicated elevator scheduling. To reduce the traffic uncertainties, one trend is to use the surveillance cameras in smart high-rise buildings to know the number of waiting evacuees. To avoid the phenomenon of elevator overloading, multiple elevators will be sent to the same floor based on the number of waiting evacuees. To reduce the complication of elevator scheduling, all the elevators are divided into groups with one or more elevators in each group. Then these groups will be dispatched to different floors according to the numbers of waiting evacuees. Our objective is to minimize the evacuation time with the constraints of evacuees' safety. The Genetic Algorithm toolbox in Matlab is used to solve this problem. A case study is used to demonstrate that, compared with the building where one floor can be served by one car, our elevator scheduling can reduce the evacuation time.