Religion, spirituality, and health: the research and clinical implications.
Religion, spirituality, and health: the research and clinical implications.
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DOI：
10.5402/2012/278730
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Koenig HG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Koenig HG
本文简要而全面地回顾了宗教/灵性（R/S）以及心理健康和身体健康的研究。它基于对1872年至2010年间发表在同行评议期刊上的基于数据的原始定量研究的系统回顾，其中包括自2010年以来发表的一些开创性文章。首先，我提供了一个简单的历史背景来搭建舞台。然后我回顾了R/S和心理健康的研究，研究了积极和消极的心理健康结果之间的关系，积极的结果包括幸福、快乐、希望、乐观和感恩，消极的结果包括抑郁、自杀、焦虑、精神病、药物滥用、犯罪/犯罪、婚姻不稳定和人格特征（积极和消极）。然后，我解释了R/S可能影响心理健康的方式和原因。接下来，我回顾了R/S与健康行为的研究，如体育活动、吸烟、饮食和性行为，然后回顾了R/S与心脏病、高血压、脑血管疾病、阿尔茨海默病和痴呆、免疫功能、内分泌功能、癌症、总体死亡率、身体残疾、疼痛和躯体症状之间的关系。然后，我提出了一个理论模型，解释R/S如何影响身体健康。最后，我讨论了卫生专业人员根据这些研究结果应该做些什么，并在这方面提出了建议。
This paper provides a concise but comprehensive review of research on religion/spirituality (R/S) and both mental health and physical health. It is based on a systematic review of original data-based quantitative research published in peer-reviewed journals between 1872 and 2010, including a few seminal articles published since 2010. First, I provide a brief historical background to set the stage. Then I review research on R/S and mental health, examining relationships with both positive and negative mental health outcomes, where positive outcomes include well-being, happiness, hope, optimism, and gratefulness, and negative outcomes involve depression, suicide, anxiety, psychosis, substance abuse, delinquency/crime, marital instability, and personality traits (positive and negative). I then explain how and why R/S might influence mental health. Next, I review research on R/S and health behaviors such as physical activity, cigarette smoking, diet, and sexual practices, followed by a review of relationships between R/S and heart disease, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease and dementia, immune functions, endocrine functions, cancer, overall mortality, physical disability, pain, and somatic symptoms. I then present a theoretical model explaining how R/S might influence physical health. Finally, I discuss what health professionals should do in light of these research findings and make recommendations in this regard.