FLASHBULB MEMORIES FOR THE SPACE-SHUTTLE DISASTER - A TALE OF 2 THEORIES
FLASHBULB MEMORIES FOR THE SPACE-SHUTTLE DISASTER - A TALE OF 2 THEORIES
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/0010-0277(88)90036-4
复制
发表时间：
1988-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
BOHANNON, JN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BOHANNON, JN
闪光灯记忆是人们发现令人震惊的消息时对周围真实世界细节的清晰生动的回忆（例如，挑战者号航天飞机的爆炸。两种理论，一个依赖于情绪反应和其他依赖于排练，进行了比较。目前的研究集中在那些从另一个人那里听到新闻的人，而不是媒体。279名受试者接受了2周的测试，142名受试者在航天飞机爆炸后8个月接受了4项记忆测试：一项关于他们发现闪光灯的自由和探索回忆测试，一项关于他们对发现探测问题的答案的置信度估计，以及一项关于航天飞机爆炸本身的事实的证明回忆测试。受试者根据他们对发现事件的自我估计的情绪反应（平静与不安）以及他们通过向他人讲述故事来排练航天飞机故事的次数（少数人与许多人）进行分组。结果表明，人们发现令人震惊的新闻的闪光灯记忆与他们对事件本身的记忆是不同的。此外，情绪和排练会随着时间的推移而相互作用，因此如果在事件发生后的短时间内进行测量，任何一个因素都足以产生闪光灯发现记忆。相反，强烈的情感和多次排练都是必要的，以保持闪光灯的细节在很长一段时间。
Flashbulb memories are distinctly vivid recollections of the real-world details surroundings people's discovery of shocking news (e.g., the explosion of the space shuttle, Challenger). Two theories, one depending upon emotional response and the other relying on rehearsal, were compared. The current study focused upon people who heard the news from another person as opposed to the media. Two hundred and seventy-nine subjects were tested 2 weeks, and 142 subjects were tested 8 months following the shuttle explosion on four memory measures: a free and probed recall test of their flashbulb discovery, a confidence estimate of their answers to the discovery probe questions, and a proved recall test of the facts concerning the shuttle explosion itself. The subjects were grouped according to their self-estimated emotional reaction to the discovery of the event (calm vs. upset) and the number of times they rehearsed the shuttle story by recounting the story to others (few vs. many). The results indicated that flashbulb memories of people's discovery of shocking news are different from their memories about the event itself. Further, emotion and rehearsal interact over time such that either factor is sufficient to generate flashbulb discovery memories if measured within a short time after the event. In contrast, both strong emotions and many rehearsals are necessary to maintain flashbulb details over a long period of time.