Anomalous Hall effect
Anomalous Hall effect
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DOI：
10.1103/revmodphys.82.1539
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发表时间：
2010-05-13
影响因子：
44.1
通讯作者：
Ong, N. P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nagaosa, Naoto;Sinova, Jairo;Ong, N. P.
反常霍尔效应（AHE）发生在时间反转对称性破缺的固体中，通常在铁磁相中，作为自旋轨道耦合的结果。AHE的实验和理论研究进行了审查，重点是最近的事态发展，提供了一个更完整的框架来理解这种微妙的现象，并在许多情况下，取代了清晰的争议。实验和理论工作之间的协同作用，都发挥了至关重要的作用，一直在这些进步的核心。在理论方面，贝里相位概念的采用建立了AHE和霍尔电流的拓扑性质之间的联系。在实验方面，过渡金属、过渡金属氧化物、尖晶石、辉石和金属稀磁半导体中的AHE的新实验研究已经建立了系统的趋势。这两个发展，与第一性原理电子结构计算相一致，强烈支持的主导地位的一个内在的贝里相相关的AHE机制在金属铁磁体具有中等导电性。本征AHE可以用Berry相位曲率来表示，因此它是完美晶体的本征量子力学性质。一个外在的机制，从无序斜散射，往往占主导地位的高导电铁磁体的AHE。完整的现代半经典治疗的AHE的审查，其中包括一个异常的贡献，由于动量空间Berry曲率的波包群速度，并正确地结合了内在和外在（斜散射和侧跳）散射相关的机制的作用。此外，更严格的量子力学治疗的Kubo和Keldysh形式主义的基础上进行审查，考虑到多频带的影响，并证明在金属制度的所有三个线性响应理论的等价性。从最近的实验和理论的结果的基础上，提出了一个试探性的AHE的全球观点，总结了内在和外在的贡献中发挥的作用，在无序强度与温度平面。最后，突出的问题和未来的调查途径进行了讨论。
The anomalous Hall effect (AHE) occurs in solids with broken time-reversal symmetry, typically in a ferromagnetic phase, as a consequence of spin-orbit coupling. Experimental and theoretical studies of the AHE are reviewed, focusing on recent developments that have provided a more complete framework for understanding this subtle phenomenon and have, in many instances, replaced controversy by clarity. Synergy between experimental and theoretical works, both playing a crucial role, has been at the heart of these advances. On the theoretical front, the adoption of the Berry-phase concepts has established a link between the AHE and the topological nature of the Hall currents. On the experimental front, new experimental studies of the AHE in transition metals, transition-metal oxides, spinels, pyrochlores, and metallic dilute magnetic semiconductors have established systematic trends. These two developments, in concert with first-principles electronic structure calculations, strongly favor the dominance of an intrinsic Berry-phase-related AHE mechanism in metallic ferromagnets with moderate conductivity. The intrinsic AHE can be expressed in terms of the Berry-phase curvatures and it is therefore an intrinsic quantum-mechanical property of a perfect crystal. An extrinsic mechanism, skew scattering from disorder, tends to dominate the AHE in highly conductive ferromagnets. The full modern semiclassical treatment of the AHE is reviewed which incorporates an anomalous contribution to wave-packet group velocity due to momentum-space Berry curvatures and correctly combines the roles of intrinsic and extrinsic (skew-scattering and side-jump) scattering-related mechanisms. In addition, more rigorous quantum-mechanical treatments based on the Kubo and Keldysh formalisms are reviewed, taking into account multiband effects, and demonstrate the equivalence of all three linear response theories in the metallic regime. Building on results from recent experiment and theory, a tentative global view of the AHE is proposed which summarizes the roles played by intrinsic and extrinsic contributions in the disorder strength versus temperature plane. Finally outstanding issues and avenues for future investigation are discussed.