First observations of living sea-ice diatom agglomeration to tintinnid loricae in East Antarctica

First observations of living sea-ice diatom agglomeration to tintinnid loricae in East Antarctica
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首次观察到东南极洲活海冰硅藻聚集到丁丁尼德洛里科

DOI:
10.1093/plankt/fbx036
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发表时间:
2017
影响因子:
2.1
通讯作者:
Armand, Leanne K.
Armand, Leanne K.
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Armbrecht, Linda H.;Eriksen, Ruth;Leventer, Amy;Armand, Leanne K.

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纤毛虫是海洋食物网中的重要环节,因为它们以浮游植物和细菌为食,同时为更高的营养级提供营养。锡壳虫可以将矿物颗粒或死亡的生物物质(如硅藻细胞壳)凝集到它们的壳状外壳(洛里卡)上,然而,这种凝集的原因仍然受到质疑。本文报道了对活体拟脆孢Fragilariopsis curta、F. cylindrus、F. F.南极锡壳类纤毛虫Laackmanniella naviculaefera和Codonellopsis gaussi的菱形甲藻(rhombicato loricae)。我们讨论了我们的新发现的意义,并提出了供未来研究检验的假设。目前还不清楚这些生活的L-tintinnid协会最初是在哪里形成的(在海冰中或附近,或者在更北的地方,当L-tintinnid的丰度。naviculaefera,C. gaussi,F. curta,F. cylindrus、F. F.菱形区域的碳排放量相对较高);谁是这一关联的受益者;确切的好处是什么;以及它们如何影响南大洋的碳循环。尽管如此,我们的观察提供了一个关键的一步,照亮了两个南大洋特有的tintinnid物种的大部分未知的生态。
Tintinnid ciliates are an important link in marine food webs as they feed on phytoplankton and bacteria while providing nutrients to higher trophic levels. Tintinnids are known to agglutinate mineral particles or dead biogenic material such as diatom frustules to their shell-like housing (lorica), however, reasons for this agglutination remain questioned. We report on our observation of agglomeration of the living diatomsFragilariopsis curta,F. cylindrus, F. pseudonanaandF. rhombicato loricae of the Antarctic tintinnid ciliatesLaackmanniella naviculaeferaandCodonellopsis gaussi.These unusual associations between living diatoms and tintinnids were exclusively observed south of 63.59°S. We discuss the significance of our new finding and generate hypotheses to be tested by future research. It remains unclear where these living diatom–tintinnid associations are initially formed (in or near sea ice or also further north when abundances ofL. naviculaefera, C. gaussi,F. curta,F. cylindrus,F. pseudonanaandF. rhombicahappen to be relatively high); who the beneficiary is in this association; what the exact benefits are; and how they might influence the Southern Ocean carbon cycle. Nevertheless, our observation provides a key step forward towards illuminating the largely unknown ecology of two Southern Ocean-endemic tintinnid species.
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