Sociolinguistics: Method and Interpretation
Sociolinguistics: Method and Interpretation
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社会语言学：方法与解释
DOI：
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Gordon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Milroy;M. Gordon
前言。1.社会语言学：模式和方法：。数据与理论。早期的语言描述方法。美国的描述主义者。传统方言学。对传统模式的改编。范式之间：早期城市研究。搭桥范式：传统方言学的改编。2.选题定位：介绍性的。代表性。一些一般原则。定义了抽样宇宙。分层和样本量。定额抽样和判断性抽样。研究目标和抽样：一些例子。抽样和年代。抽样和社会阶级。结束语。3.数据收集：。一般问题。数据收集的调查方法。书面调查问卷。现场工作人员--管理的调查。快速和匿名调查。社会语言学访谈。访谈的结构和设计。采访作为演讲活动。引出随意演讲的面试策略。参与观察。平衡实地考察策略：贝尔法斯特项目。社区研究。贝尔法斯特家门口调查。农村腹地研究。研究伦理学。知情同意。保留匿名性和访问录音。秘密录音。研究S的责任。结论。4.语言变异与社会世界：分析和解释中的问题：介绍性的。社会范畴和变革理论。社会阶级与社会语言学研究。社会阶层的典范。语言市场。解读语言与社会阶层之间的关系。性和性别。导言。社会阶层和性别。性别和语言变异：一些进一步的问题。民族和种族。导言。美国的语言、种族和民族。北爱尔兰的语言和种族。结束语。5.社会关系和社会实践：介绍性的。社交网络的概念。社交网络和实践社区。社交网络和语言变异。双语社区中的网络结构和语言转移。薄弱的网络联系和语言变化理论。方言调平。流动性的社会语言学：作为一种文化概念的地点。结束语。6.调查语音变异：介绍性的。识别和选择变量。音系变量的类型。选择和指定变量。试点研究。测量变异。听觉技术。乐器技法。对测量技术的评价。语音变量的语言学分析。定义了变化的范围。条件性因素。变种之间的关系：解释问题。关于量化的评论。计数很重要。需要多少代币？统计分析的使用。7.超越音系学：分析和解释更高层次的变异：介绍性的。数据收集问题。语法变量与历史语言学。句法分析与社会语言学变量。一些早期的工作。问责原则与变式包络。语义对等与语篇语境。变分分析和句法理论。结束语。8.风格转换和代码转换：介绍性的。风格是对环境的一种反应。文体变化作为对演讲的注意的一种功能。作为观众设计的风格。作风作为主动性和战略性。密码--切换。介绍性的。“分配”和“互动”范式。语言选择与语码转换：三个案例研究。双语对话。结束语。9.结语。参考资料。索引。
Preface. 1. Sociolinguistics: Models and Methods:. Data and Theory. Earlier Approaches to Linguistic Description. The American Descriptivists. Traditional Dialectology. Adaptations of the Traditional Model. Between Paradigms: Early Urban Studies. Bridging Paradigms: Adaptations of Traditional Dialectology. 2. Locating and Selecting Subjects:. Introductory. Representativeness. Some General Principles. Defining the Sampling Universe. Stratification and Sample Size. Quota and Judgment Sampling. Research Objectives and Sampling: Some Examples. Sampling and Age. Sampling and Social Class. Concluding Remarks. 3. Data Collection:. General Issues. Survey Approaches to Data Collection. Written Questionnaires. Fieldworker--Administered Surveys. Rapid and Anonymous Surveys. Sociolinguistic Interviews. The Structure and Design of the Interview. Interviews as Speech Events. Interview Strategies for Eliciting Casual Speech. Participant Observation. Balancing Fieldwork Strategies: The Belfast Project. The Community Studies. The Belfast Doorstep Survey. The Rural Hinterland Study. Research Ethics. Informed Consent. Preservation of Anonymity and Access to Recordings. Surreptitious Recording. The Researchera s Responsibility. Conclusion. 4. Language Variation and the social World: Issues in Analysis and Interpretation:. Introductory. Social Categories and Theories of Change. Social Class and Sociolinguistic Research. Models of Social Class. Linguistic Markets. Interpreting Correlations between Language and Social Class. Sex and Gender. Introduction. Social Class and Gender. Gender and Language Variation: Some Further Issues. Ethnicity and Race. Introduction. Language, Race and Ethnicity in the United States. Language and Ethnicity in Northern Ireland. Concluding Remarks. 5. Social Relationships and Social Practices:. Introductory. The Concept of Social Network. Social Network and Community of Practice. Social Networks and Language Variation. Network Structure and Language Shift in Bilingual Communities. Weak Network Ties and Theories of Language Change. Dialect Leveling. The Sociolinguistics of Mobility: Place as a Cultural Concept. Concluding Remarks. 6. Investigating Phonological Variation:. Introductory. Identifying and Selecting Variables. Types of Phonological Variables. Choosing and Specifying Variables. Pilot Studies. Measuring Variation. Auditory Techniques. Instrumental Techniques. An Evaluation of Measurement Techniques. The Linguistic Analysis of Phonological Variables. Defining the Range of Variation. Conditioning Factors. The Relationships among Variants: Issues of Interpretation. Comments about Quantification. Counting Matters. How Many Tokens are Needed?. Use of Statistical Analysis. 7. Beyond Phonology: Analyzing and Interpreting Higher Level Variation:. Introductory. Data Collection Issues. Grammatical Variables and Historical Linguistics. Syntactic Analysis and the Sociolinguistic Variable. Some Early Work. The Principle of Accountability and the Envelope of Variation. Semantic Equivalence and the Discourse Context. Variationist Analysis and Syntactic Theory. Concluding Remarks. 8. Style--shifting and Code--Switching:. Introductory. Style as a Response to Situation. Stylistic Variation as a Function of Attention Paid to Speech. Style as Audience Design. Style as Initiative and Strategic. Code--switching. Introductory. "Allocational" and "Interactional" Paradigms. Language Choice and Code--switching: Three Case Studies. Bilingual Conversations. Concluding Remarks. 9. Epilogue. References. Index.