Visual processing of four kinds of relative motion
Visual processing of four kinds of relative motion
复制标题
四种相对运动的视觉处理
DOI：
10.1016/0042-6989(86)90076-3
复制
发表时间：
1986
期刊：
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
David Regan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
David Regan
有证据表明，人类的视觉系统对不同种类的相对运动有几种特定的敏感性。这些特定的灵敏度包括：(1)对一只眼睛视网膜图像上两个不同点a和B之间的速度差的灵敏度，两个速度沿AB线方向；(2)垂直于AB线的速度分量（即剪切运动）对A点和B点速度差的敏感性；(3)对旋转运动的灵敏度；(4)对深度移动物体的左右视网膜图像速度之比的灵敏度。这些特定的敏感性可以归因于相对固定的神经过滤器，这些过滤器被“调谐”到不同的视网膜图像，这些图像与环境中固体物体的三维结构和运动相关。这种滤光器可用于区分刚性非旋转物体与非刚性或旋转物体。它们也可用于从二维视网膜图像中恢复信息，包括物体边界信息、环境的三维结构信息、自我运动信息和物体深度运动信息。关于这些特定灵敏度的另一种方法是，它们可能提供视网膜图像瞬时速度场中每一点的div V和curl V值的粗略生理等效物，从而根据数学量粗略地分析视网膜图像流模式，这些数学量具有相对不变的有用特性，可以对抗由眼睛旋转引起的整个视网膜图像的身体平移。
Evidence is presented supporting the idea that the human visual system has several specific sensitivities to different kinds of relative motion. These specific sensitivities include: (1) sensitivity to a velocity difference between two different points A and B on one eye's retinal image, the two velocities being directed along the line AB; (2) sensitivity to the velocity difference at A and B between velocity components perpendicular to the line AB (i.e. shearing motion); (3) sensitivity to rotary motion; (4) sensitivity to the ratio between the velocities of the left and right retinal images of an object that is moving in depth. These specific sensitivities can be attributed to relatively hardwired neural filters that are “tuned” to differenent retinal image correlates of the three-dimensional structure and motion of solid objects in the environment. Such filters may be of use in distinguishing rigid nonrotating objects from nonrigid or rotating objects. They may also be of use in recovering information from the two-dimensional retinal image, including information about object boundaries, the three-dimensional structure of the environment, self-motion and object motion in depth. An alternative way of regarding certain of these specific sensitivities is that they might provide rough physiological equivalents of the values of div V and curl V at every point in the instantaneous velocity field of the retinal image and thus crudely analyze the retinal image flow pattern in terms of mathematical quantities that have the useful property of being relatively invariant against bodily translations of the whole retinal image caused by eye rotation.