An archaeobotanical investigation of Oakbank crannog, a prehistoric lake dwelling in Loch Tay, the Scottish Highlands
An archaeobotanical investigation of Oakbank crannog, a prehistoric lake dwelling in Loch Tay, the Scottish Highlands
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对苏格兰高地泰湖的史前湖泊奥克班克克莱诺格进行的考古植物学调查
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发表时间：
1997
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通讯作者：
Jennifer Miller
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作者：
Jennifer Miller
奥克班克克朗格是位于苏格兰泰湖的青铜时代晚期和铁器时代早期的湖泊。最初的独立桩施工经过了几次重建，形成了一个有机土丘。最新的剩余加固阶段包括了巨大的巨石，它们密封了下面的有机物质，并保存了早期居民使用的被水浸泡的植物遗骸。
住宅周围当地环境的富碱土壤支撑着潮湿地区和湖边的混合橡木林地和杉木林地。其中的一部分被最早的定居者清理出来用于农业，林地树木被用来建造住所，最特别的是赤木，但也经常是橡木、榛子和桦树，其他树木偶尔处于低水平。
种植的谷类作物包括大麦、二粒小麦和斯佩尔塔大麦。拼写小麦意味着与该国南部或国外的贸易联系。亚麻是小规模种植的，可能与另一种对贸易有影响的罂粟一起种植。
作物污染杂草种类的丰富突出了土壤的肥力，并表明谷类作物既不是杂草，也不是在穗上手工采摘的。长得很低的杂草的种子表明在接近地面的地方收获。处理工作是在住宅本身的门口进行的，以便立即使用。包括谷壳和杂草种子在内的作物副产品被喂给牲畜作为饲料。尾粒和一些优质大麦可能是在加工过程中故意添加或留下的，以补充饲料。大量使用有价值的谷物和可食用的杂草种子意味着健康的经济和充足的食物储备。家畜至少定期被安置在住所里，但被限制在特定的区域。
Oakbank crannog is a Late Bronze/Early Iron Age lake dwelling in Loch Tay, Scotland. The initial free-standing pile construction was rebuilt several times, resulting in an organic mound. The latest remaining consolidation phase incorporated large boulders which sealed the organic material underneath and preserved waterlogged remains of the plants utilised by earlier inhabitants.
The base-rich soil of the local environment around the dwelling supported a mixed oak woodland with alder carr in the wetter areas and fringing the loch. Parts of this were cleared for agriculture by the earliest settlers, and woodland trees were utilised to build the dwelling, most especially alder, but also frequently oak, hazel and birch, with others occasionally at low levels.
Cereal crops grown included Hordeum vulgare, Triticum dicoccum and T. spelta. Spelt wheat implies trade links with the south of the country or abroad. Linum usitatissiumum was cultivated on a small scale, possibly together with Papaver somniferum, another species which has implications for trade.
The abundance of crop contaminant weed species emphasises the soil fertility, and suggests that cereal crops were neither weeded nor hand-picked on the ear. Seeds of low growing weeds indicate harvesting close to ground level. Processing was done for immediate use, at the doorway to the dwelling itself. Crop by-products including chaff and weed seeds were fed to livestock to supplement fodder. Tail grain and some prime barley may have been added or left intentionally during processing to supplement the feed. This generous use of valuable grain and edible weed seeds implies a healthy economy with adequate stores of food. Livestock were housed in the dwelling at least periodically, but were confined to specific areas.