High carbon accumulation rates in sediment adjacent to constructed oyster reefs, Northeast Florida, USA
High carbon accumulation rates in sediment adjacent to constructed oyster reefs, Northeast Florida, USA
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美国佛罗里达州东北部人工牡蛎礁附近沉积物的高碳积累率
DOI：
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Aubrey Kemper
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Veenstra;M. Southwell;N. Dix;P. Marcum;J. Jackson;C. Burns;Colin Herbert;Aubrey Kemper
牡蛎面临风险;在过去的130年里，全球85%的牡蛎覆盖面积已经消失（Beck等人，2011年）。这些损失对牡蛎渔业产生了重大影响，但也令人担忧，因为牡蛎床已被充分记录为提供重要的生态系统服务，例如：改善水质，稳定海岸线，并为各种生物创造栖息地（Grabowski等人2012）。碳封存是牡蛎礁可以提供的另一种生态系统服务，随着全球大气二氧化碳浓度的上升，这一点变得越来越重要。（Canadell和Raupach，2008年; Sabine等人，2004年），植被沿海生态系统，如海草，盐沼和红树林，已被确定为重要的碳汇。虽然总面积不大，但其碳埋藏率很高，其对碳固存的贡献被称为“蓝碳”，即储存在沿海生态系统中的碳（Mcleod等人，2011年; Davis等人，2015年）。牡蛎礁可能看起来不像是碳封存的好候选者，因为它们没有类似的植物成分，牡蛎壳的钙化会释放二氧化碳（Fodrie等人。然而，牡蛎礁通过其生物沉积物（粪便和伪粪便）支持有机质积累，其常量营养素（C，N，P）水平显著高于周围沉积物（纽韦尔等人，2005年;钱伯斯等人，2017年）。此外，牡蛎礁的垂直结构增加了表面粗糙度，这促进了细沉积物的积累和有机物的埋藏（Kristmanson和Wildish 1997; Chowdhury等人2019）。它们也被证明可以衰减波能（Chowdhury等人，2019; Kibler等人，2019; Wiberg等人，2019）。边缘牡蛎礁可以保护和稳定盐沼沉积物和其中捕获的碳（Ridge et al. 2017）。牡蛎礁内沉积物中有机质和/或总碳含量的升高为这些过程提供了证据（纳尔逊等人，2004年; Meyer和汤森，2000年;凯洛格等人，2013年; Feinman等人，2018年; Chambers等人，2017年）。Fodrie等人（2017年）报告了美国北卡罗来纳州浅水潮下礁和盐沼边缘礁的碳储存速率为100-130 g C/m2/年，而潮间带沙洲上的牡蛎礁是碳的净来源，速率为710 g C/m2/年。当有机物储存和埋藏不超过贝壳中无机碳的数量时，牡蛎礁可以成为二氧化碳的净来源（碳酸盐生产过程中释放二氧化碳）（Fodrie等人，2017）。因此，重要的是要考虑无机和有机碳埋藏。在他们的研究中，Fodrie等人（2017）解释了直接在珊瑚礁内部和下方的贝壳和沉积物中的碳。然而，为了量化全部影响，还必须包括珊瑚礁周围沉积物中埋藏的有机物的增加。在我们的研究中，我们量化了美国佛罗里达东北部建造的牡蛎礁附近沉积物中的碳积累速率。* Jessica Veenstra jveenstra@flagler.edu
Oysters are at risk; 85% of oyster cover has been lost globally over the past 130 years (Beck et al. 2011). These losses have had major effects on the oyster fisheries, but are also concerning because oyster beds have been well documented to provide important ecosystem services such as: improving water quality, stabilizing shorelines, and creating habitat for a wide variety of organisms (Grabowski et al. 2012). Carbon sequestration is yet another ecosystem service that oyster reefs could provide, which is becoming increasingly important as global atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration rises Although carbon sequestration research has been largely focused on terrestrial ecosystems or the open ocean (Canadell and Raupach 2008; Sabine et al. 2004), vegetated coastal ecosystems, such as seagrasses, salt marshes, and mangroves, have been identified as important carbon sinks. Although small in total area, their carbon burial rates are high, and their contribution to carbon sequestration has been termed “blue carbon”, carbon stored in coastal ecosystems (Mcleod et al. 2011; Davis et al. 2015). Oyster reefs may not seem like good candidates for carbon sequestration because they do not have an analogous vegetative component, and calcification of oyster shell releases CO2 (Fodrie et al. 2017). However, oyster reefs support organic matter accumulation through their biodeposits (feces and pseudofeces) which have significantly higher levels of macronutrients (C, N, P) than surrounding sediment (Newell et al. 2005; Chambers et al. 2017). In addition, the vertical structure of oyster reefs increases surface roughness, which promotes the accumulation of fine sediment and burial of organic matter (Kristmanson and Wildish 1997; Chowdhury et al. 2019). They have been shown to attenuate wave energy as well (Chowdhury et al. 2019; Kibler et al. 2019; Wiberg et al. 2019). Fringing oyster reefs can protect and stabilize salt marsh sediments and the carbon trapped within them (Ridge et al. 2017). Elevated organic matter and/or total C contents in sediments within oyster reefs provide evidence for these processes (Nelson et al. 2004; Meyer and Townsend 2000; Kellogg et al. 2013; Feinman et al. 2018; Chambers et al. 2017). Fodrie et al. (2017) reported rates of carbon storage from 100–130 g C/m2/yr in shallow sub-tidal reefs and salt marsh fringing reefs in North Carolina, USA, whereas oyster reefs on intertidal sand flats were net sources of carbon at a rate of 710 g C/m2/yr. Oyster reefs can become net sources of carbon dioxide when organic matter storage and burial does not exceed the quantity of inorganic carbon in shell (CO2 is released during carbonate production) (Fodrie et al. 2017). Therefore, it is important to account for both inorganic and organic carbon burial. In their study, Fodrie et al. (2017) accounted for the carbon in shell hash and sediments directly within and underneath reefs. However, to quantify the full effect, it is necessary to also include increases in organic matter burial in the sediment surrounding the reef. In our study, we quantify the carbon accumulation rates in sediment adjacent to constructed oyster reefs in northeast Florida, USA. * Jessica Veenstra jveenstra@flagler.edu
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Chambers, Lisa G.;Gaspar, Stephanie A.;Walters, Linda J.
通讯作者：
Walters, Linda J.
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2017.0891
发表时间：
2017-07-26
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Fodrie, F. Joel;Rodriguez, Antonio B.;Ridge, Justin T.
通讯作者：
Ridge, Justin T.