Global seabird bycatch in longline fisheries
Global seabird bycatch in longline fisheries
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DOI：
10.3354/esr00347
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Black, Andrew
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anderson, Orea R. J.;Small, Cleo J.;Black, Andrew
延绳钓渔业的兼捕被认为是许多海鸟物种不利养护状况的原因，但尚未进行全面的全球评估。我们审查了所有可获得数据的延绳钓渔业中海鸟兼捕的程度。尽管其中包含了许多不足之处和假设，我们估计每年至少有16万只(可能超过32万只)海鸟被捕杀。最常被捕获的是信天翁、海燕和海鸥，目前的死亡水平对某些物种和种群来说可能是不可持续的。在可以与1990年代的数据进行现实比较的地方，有证据表明，在一些关键渔业中，副渔获物大幅减少。减少的原因是捕捞活动减少(特别是在南大洋非法、未报告和无管制的捕捞活动)，以及更多和更有效地使用技术缓解措施，特别是在底层捕捞。然而，其他渔业的兼捕问题也出现了。目前的关切包括那些以前未查明的副渔获物问题(例如，西班牙大洋底层捕捞船队)和那些已查明副渔获物的问题，但持续存在的数据空白妨碍了对影响规模的充分评估(例如，北欧底层捕捞)。只有在延绳钓捕捞船队和有关区域渔业管理组织执行数据收集、报告和分析的最低标准时，未来的评估才能达到更高的精确度。副渔获物大幅减少的渔业表明，通过强制采用适当的最佳做法减缓装置和技术，海鸟兼捕物问题可以减少到微不足道的程度。
Bycatch in longline fisheries is believed to govern the adverse conservation status of many seabird species, but no comprehensive global assessment has been undertaken. We reviewed the extent of seabird bycatch in all longline fisheries for which data are available. Despite the many inadequacies and assumptions contained therein, we estimated that at least 160 000 (and potentially in excess of 320 000) seabirds are killed annually. Most frequently caught are albatrosses, petrels and shearwaters, with current levels of mortality liable to be unsustainable for some species and populations. Where realistic comparisons can be made, with data from the 1990s, there is evidence of substantially reduced bycatch in some key fisheries. Reductions stem from decreased fishing effort (especially in illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing in the Southern Ocean), and greater and more effective use of technical mitigation measures, notably in demersal fisheries. However, bycatch problems in other fisheries have also emerged. Current concerns include those with previously unidentified bycatch problems (e.g. Spanish Gran Sol demersal fleet) and those where bycatch was identified, but where persistent data gaps prevented adequate assessments of the scale of the impact (e.g. Nordic demersal fisheries). Future assessments will only achieve greater precision when minimum standards of data collection, reporting and analysis are implemented by longline fishing fleets and the relevant regional fishery management organisations. Those fisheries in which bycatch has been substantially reduced demonstrate that the problem of seabird bycatch could be reduced to negligible proportions by enforced implementation of appropriate best-practice mitigation devices and techniques.