Do managed bees drive parasite spread and emergence in wild bees?
Do managed bees drive parasite spread and emergence in wild bees?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijppaw.2015.10.001
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发表时间：
2016-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hughes WOH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Graystock P;Blane EJ;McFrederick QS;Goulson D;Hughes WOH
几个世纪以来，蜜蜂一直被用于蜂蜜生产，最近又被用于授粉服务。自世纪中期以来，管理蜜蜂的使用和生产已经加强，每年有数十万个蜂箱在国家之间和地球仪周围移动。然而，在一些地区引入不自然的高密度蜜蜂可能会产生不利影响。进口和部署管理的蜜蜂和熊蜂可能是负责寄生虫引进或本地寄生虫的动态变化，最终增加疾病的流行在野生蜜蜂。在这里，我们回顾了驯化和部署的管理蜜蜂，并解释的证据管理蜜蜂的作用，对野生蜜蜂的健康造成不利影响。沿着讨论了与管理蜜蜂的使用和来自地球仪领土的野生蜜蜂健康下降的相关性，并提出了减轻野生蜜蜂健康进一步下降的建议。蜜蜂的商业化增加了疾病传播的风险。来自世界各国的管理蜜蜂中发生多起寄生虫事件。寄生虫传播到世界各地的野生蜜蜂的证据。对野生动物和工业都有严重影响。我们建议如何在未来减轻这种情况。
Bees have been managed and utilised for honey production for centuries and, more recently, pollination services. Since the mid 20th Century, the use and production of managed bees has intensified with hundreds of thousands of hives being moved across countries and around the globe on an annual basis. However, the introduction of unnaturally high densities of bees to areas could have adverse effects. Importation and deployment of managed honey bee and bumblebees may be responsible for parasite introductions or a change in the dynamics of native parasites that ultimately increases disease prevalence in wild bees. Here we review the domestication and deployment of managed bees and explain the evidence for the role of managed bees in causing adverse effects on the health of wild bees. Correlations with the use of managed bees and decreases in wild bee health from territories across the globe are discussed along with suggestions to mitigate further health reductions in wild bees. Commercialisation of bees has increased the risk of disease spread. Multiple incidents of parasites in managed bees from various countries across the world. Evidence of parasite spread to wild bees around the world. Serious implications for both wildlife and industry. We suggest how this can be mitigated in the future.