LAURISTON S. TAYLOR LECTURE ON RADIATION PROTECTION AND MEASUREMENTS: WHAT MAKES PARTICLE RADIATION SO EFFECTIVE?
LAURISTON S. TAYLOR LECTURE ON RADIATION PROTECTION AND MEASUREMENTS: WHAT MAKES PARTICLE RADIATION SO EFFECTIVE?
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DOI：
10.1097/hp.0b013e31826a5b85
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发表时间：
2012-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Blakely, Eleanor A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blakely, Eleanor A.
粒子辐射的物理和生物效应的科学基础来自数十年的细致基础研究。在分子、细胞、组织和生物体水平上，已经报道了各种各样的生物学相关后果，但是，使粒子辐射如此有效的关键过程和机制是什么？最近的研究表明，个别基因型控制辐射调节基因和途径，以应对不同电离密度的辐射。密集电离辐射可以影响不同的基因家族，而不是稀疏电离辐射，而且影响是剂量和时间依赖性的，这一事实开辟了未来研究的新领域。基质的复杂微环境和免疫反应的显著贡献增加了我们对线性能量转移（LET）谱中组织特异性差异的理解。靶向效应与非靶向效应的重要性仍然是可变LET慢性低剂量辐射效应的一个棘手但难以捉摸的重要因素，仍需进一步研究。癌症的诱导也是依赖于LET的，这表明在电离密度梯度上有不同的作用机制。第35届Lauriston S.泰勒讲座是编年史的一步一步收购的实验线索，已经完善了我们的理解是什么使粒子辐射如此有效，重点是辐射对人眼的晶体透镜的影响的例子。健康物理学103（5）：508-528; 2012
The scientific basis for the physical and biological effectiveness of particle radiations has emerged from many decades of meticulous basic research. A diverse array of biologically relevant consequences at the molecular, cellular, tissue, and organism level have been reported, but what are the key processes and mechanisms that make particle radiation so effective, and what competing processes define dose dependences? Recent studies have shown that individual genotypes control radiation-regulated genes and pathways in response to radiations of varying ionization density. The fact that densely ionizing radiations can affect different gene families than sparsely ionizing radiations, and that the effects are dose- and time-dependent, has opened up new areas of future research. The complex micro-environment of the stroma and the significant contributions of the immune response have added to our understanding of tissue-specific differences across the linear energy transfer (LET) spectrum. The importance of targeted versus nontargeted effects remains a thorny but elusive and important contributor to chronic low dose radiation effects of variable LET that still needs further research. The induction of cancer is also LET-dependent, suggesting different mechanisms of action across the gradient of ionization density. The focus of this 35th Lauriston S. Taylor Lecture is to chronicle the step-by-step acquisition of experimental clues that have refined our understanding of what makes particle radiation so effective, with emphasis on the example of radiation effects on the crystalline lens of the human eye. Health Phys. 103(5): 508-528; 2012