URBAN HEAT ISLAND MITIGATION DUE TO ENHANCED EVAPOTRANSPIRATION IN AN URBAN GARDEN IN SAINT PAUL, MINNESOTA, USA
URBAN HEAT ISLAND MITIGATION DUE TO ENHANCED EVAPOTRANSPIRATION IN AN URBAN GARDEN IN SAINT PAUL, MINNESOTA, USA
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DOI：
10.2495/ua200041
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发表时间：
2020-12
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. Small;Ivan Jimenez;Michael T. Salzl;Paliza Shrestha
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文献类型：
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作者：
G. Small;Ivan Jimenez;Michael T. Salzl;Paliza Shrestha
由于城市的广泛发展和气温的升高，城市热岛已成为影响城市能源消耗和人类健康的重要因素。先前的研究表明，城市植被的蒸散发（ET）具有显著的降温作用，但对城市菜园的直接测量相对较少。我们比较了两个夏天（2017年和2018年）在圣托马斯大学（美国明尼苏达州圣保罗）一个750平方米的研究花园里的每小时温度测量值与位于南部6公里处的明尼阿波利斯-圣保罗（MSP）国际机场的每小时温度。在2017年和2018年夏季，我们还量化了132个花园样地和5个参考草坪样地的季节性ET（6 - 10月）。在这两年中，MSP机场的温度每增加1.00°C，导致研究园的平均温度增加0.55°C。在高于22°C的温度下，花园的平均温度比MSP机场低。这两年，花园样地的ET均显著高于草样地，2017年花园样地的平均值为46 cm，而草样地为19 cm； 2018年花园样地的平均值为51 cm，而草样地为33 cm。这些结果与其他研究结果一致，这些研究表明，通过主要针对农作物生产的城市花园的ET降温可能带来巨大好处。
As a result of extensive urban development coupled with warming temperatures, urban heat islands (UHI) have become an important factor affecting energy consumption and human health in cities. Prior research has shown that evapotranspiration (ET) from urban vegetation can have a significant cooling effect, but there are relatively few direct measurements from urban vegetable gardens. We compared hourly temperature measurements during two summers (2017 and 2018) in a 750 m2 research garden at the University of St. Thomas (Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA) to hourly temperatures at the nearby Minneapolis-Saint Paul (MSP) International Airport, located 6 km to the south. We also quantified seasonal ET (June–October) in 132 garden plots and five reference turfgrass plots during the summers of 2017 and 2018. For both years, an increase in temperature of 1.00°C at the MSP airport resulted in an average increase of 0.55°C in the research garden. At temperatures greater than 22°C, the garden was cooler on average compared to MSP airport. ET in the garden plots was significantly higher than in the grass reference plots both years, with means of 46 cm for garden plots compared to 19 cm for grass plots in 2017, and 51 cm for garden plots compared to 33 cm for grass plots in 2018. These results are consistent with other research showing potentially large benefits of cooling through ET from urban gardens that are primarily aimed at crop production.