The motherhood penalty and The fatherhood premium in employment during covid-19: evidence from The united states
The motherhood penalty and The fatherhood premium in employment during covid-19: evidence from The united states
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DOI：
10.1016/j.rssm.2020.100542
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发表时间：
2020-10-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Buchanan, Arianna
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dias, Felipe A.;Chance, Joseph;Buchanan, Arianna
在这篇论文中，我们提供了来自当前人口调查的证据，调查了新冠肺炎危机对美国父母地位和就业性别不平等的影响。我们表明，疫情爆发后几个月的就业率下降在很大程度上是由大规模裁员推动的，而不是工人辞职。固定效应回归模型的结果显示，与母亲、没有孩子的男性和没有孩子的女性相比，在疫情爆发后的几个月里被解雇的可能性有很大的父亲溢价。我们还发现，在受教育程度较低和教育程度中等的劳动者中，“当父亲的溢价”更高。这些发现表明，下岗比率的差距加剧了先前存在的父母身份形式和就业中的性别不平等。讨论了可能的机制，但还需要做更多的工作来解释为什么疫情爆发后雇主解雇父亲的可能性较小，以及新冠肺炎大流行在加强美国的父母地位和就业方面的性别不平等方面的短期和长期后果。
In this paper, we present evidence from the Current Population Survey examining the effects of the COVID-19 crisis on parental status and gender inequalities in employment in the United States. We show that the drop in the employment rate in post-outbreak months was largely driven by mass layoffs and not by workers quitting their jobs. Results from fixed-effects regression models show a strong fatherhood premium in the likelihood of being laid off for post-outbreak months compared to mothers, men without children, and women without children. We also found that the "fatherhood premium" was higher among lower-educated and mid-educated workers. These findings show that gaps in layoff rates exacerbated pre-existing forms of parental status and gender inequality in employment. Possible mechanisms are discussed, but more work is needed to explain why employers were less likely to lay off fathers following the outbreak, and the short- and long-term consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in reinforcing parental status and gender inequality in employment in the United States.