The fourth phase of the radiative transfer model intercomparison (RAMI) exercise: Actual canopy scenarios and conformity testing
The fourth phase of the radiative transfer model intercomparison (RAMI) exercise: Actual canopy scenarios and conformity testing
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DOI：
10.1016/j.rse.2015.08.016
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发表时间：
2015-11
影响因子：
13.5
通讯作者：
J. Widlowski;Corrado Mio;M. Disney;Jennifer Adams;I. Andredakis;C. Atzberger;J. Brennan;L. Busetto;M. Chelle;Guido Ceccherini;Roberto Colombo;Jean-François Côté;A. Eenmäe;A. Eenmäe;R. Essery;J. Gastellu-Etchegorry;N. Gobron;E. Grau;V. Haverd;L. Homolová;Huaguo Huang;Linda Hunt;Hideki Kobayashi;B. Koetz;A. Kuusk;Joel Kuusk;Mait Lang;Mait Lang;Philip Lewis;Jennifer L. Lovell;Z. Malenovský;M. Meroni;F. Morsdorf;M. Mõttus;W. Ni-Meister;B. Pinty;M. Rautiainen;M. Schlerf;Ben Somers;J. Stuckens;M. Verstraete;Wenze Yang;Feng Zhao;T. Zenone
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文献类型：
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作者：
J. Widlowski;Corrado Mio;M. Disney;Jennifer Adams;I. Andredakis;C. Atzberger;J. Brennan;L. Busetto;M. Chelle;Guido Ceccherini;Roberto Colombo;Jean-François Côté;A. Eenmäe;A. Eenmäe;R. Essery;J. Gastellu-Etchegorry;N. Gobron;E. Grau;V. Haverd;L. Homolová;Huaguo Huang;Linda Hunt;Hideki Kobayashi;B. Koetz;A. Kuusk;Joel Kuusk;Mait Lang;Mait Lang;Philip Lewis;Jennifer L. Lovell;Z. Malenovský;M. Meroni;F. Morsdorf;M. Mõttus;W. Ni-Meister;B. Pinty;M. Rautiainen;M. Schlerf;Ben Somers;J. Stuckens;M. Verstraete;Wenze Yang;Feng Zhao;T. Zenone
辐射传输模型相互比较活动侧重于冠层辐射传输模型的基准测试。对于目前的第四阶段的RAMI，六个高度逼真的虚拟植物环境的基础上，从（落叶和针叶）林站，以及在欧洲和南非的试验场收集的密集的现场数据。12个RT建模组提供了冠层尺度（方向和半球综合）辐射量的模拟，以及一系列从虚拟冠层内不同位置获得的二进制半球照片。模拟结果表明，比最近分析的RAMI-IV抽象林冠情景的差异大得多。冠层复杂性是导致差异的操作员引起的错误背后最有可能的驱动因素之一。引入一致性测试将模拟结果分为可接受和不可接受的贡献。更具体地说，一个共同的风险的方法是用来评估的基础上，参考数据与加权合奏平均技术从ISO-13528的RT模型模拟的合规性。然而，使用来自法律的计量学的概念，将显示该参考解决方案的不确定性，以防止相对于所选容差区间对模型性能进行可信评估。作为替代方案，将提出防范风险决策规则，以明确说明与参考方法和候选方法相关的不确定性。保护接受和保护拒绝的方法都被用来作出关于接受和/或拒绝RT模型模拟相对于预定义的公差区间的信心的声明。
The RAdiative transfer Model Intercomparison (RAMI) activity focuses on the benchmarking of canopy radiative transfer (RT) models. For the current fourth phase of RAMI, six highly realistic virtual plant environments were constructed on the basis of intensive field data collected from (both deciduous and coniferous) forest stands as well as test sites in Europe and South Africa. Twelve RT modelling groups provided simulations of canopy scale (directional and hemispherically integrated) radiative quantities, as well as a series of binary hemispherical photographs acquired from different locations within the virtual canopies. The simulation results showed much greater variance than those recently analysed for the abstract canopy scenarios of RAMI-IV. Canopy complexity is among the most likely drivers behind operator induced errors that gave rise to the discrepancies. Conformity testing was introduced to separate the simulation results into acceptable and non-acceptable contributions. More specifically, a shared risk approach is used to evaluate the compliance of RT model simulations on the basis of reference data generated with the weighted ensemble averaging technique from ISO-13528. However, using concepts from legal metrology, the uncertainty of this reference solution will be shown to prevent a confident assessment of model performance with respect to the selected tolerance intervals. As an alternative, guarded risk decision rules will be presented to account explicitly for the uncertainty associated with the reference and candidate methods. Both guarded acceptance and guarded rejection approaches are used to make confident statements about the acceptance and/or rejection of RT model simulations with respect to the predefined tolerance intervals.