Evolutionary and developmental analysis reveals KANK genes were co-opted for vertebrate vascular development.
Evolutionary and developmental analysis reveals KANK genes were co-opted for vertebrate vascular development.
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DOI：
10.1038/srep27816
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发表时间：
2016-06-13
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Zhang G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hensley MR;Cui Z;Chua RF;Simpson S;Shammas NL;Yang JY;Leung YF;Zhang G
在发育进化过程中，基因的互补作用（通常发生在基因复制之后）被发现有助于脊椎动物形态学的创新，包括基于内皮的血管系统。最近，在斑马鱼血管原基中发现了一个Kank基因，这表明KANK基因是脊椎动物血管系统发育工具包的一个组成部分。然而，KANK基因家族在进化过程中是如何参与血管发育的，在很大程度上仍然未知。首先，我们分析了后生动物KANK基因的分子进化，发现KANK1、KANK2、KANK3和KANK4出现在脊椎动物的谱系中，与脊椎动物两轮全基因组复制（WGD）相一致。此外，KANK基因在硬骨鱼中通过硬骨鱼特异性WGD进一步复制，而在一些被检测的鱼类中仅保留了kank1和kank4重复。我们还发现，所有的斑马鱼kank基因，除了kank1b，主要在胚胎血管发育过程中表达。与无脊椎动物中枢神经系统中KANK基因的表达相比，斑马鱼KANK基因在血管中的表达表明KANK基因参与了脊椎动物血管的发育。考虑到KANK基因在细胞中的作用，我们的研究结果表明，这种协同选择可能有助于脊椎动物血管的进化起源。
Gene co-option, usually after gene duplication, in the evolution of development is found to contribute to vertebrate morphological innovations, including the endothelium-based vascular system. Recently, a zebrafish kank gene was found expressed in the vascular vessel primordium, suggesting KANK genes are a component of the developmental tool kit for the vertebrate vascular system. However, how the KANK gene family is involved in vascular vessel development during evolution remains largely unknown. First, we analyzed the molecular evolution of the KANK genes in metazoan, and found that KANK1, KANK2, KANK3 and KANK4 emerged in the lineage of vertebrate, consistent with the two rounds of vertebrate whole-genome duplications (WGD). Moreover, KANK genes were further duplicated in teleosts through the bony-fish specific WGD, while only kank1 and kank4 duplicates were retained in some of the examined fish species. We also found all zebrafish kank genes, except kank1b, are primarily expressed during embryonic vascular development. Compared to invertebrate KANK gene expression in the central nervous system, the vascular expression of zebrafish kank genes suggested KANK genes were co-opted for vertebrate vascular development. Given the cellular roles of KANK genes, our results suggest that this co-option may facilitate the evolutionary origin of vertebrate vascular vessels.