Superconducting particle detectors
Superconducting particle detectors
复制标题
超导粒子探测器
DOI：
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发表时间：
1996
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Goldie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. E. Booth;D. Goldie
核粒子或x射线与超导体的相互作用会导致库珀对的断裂，并产生多余的准粒子和声子。在某些条件下，这可以产生从超导状态到正常状态的过渡，可以用多种方法检测。在其他情况下，准粒子激发是用超导体-绝缘体-超导体（SIS）隧道结检测的。声子激发也可以用SIS结或SIS结阵列或超导跃迁边缘测热计来检测。此外，这些超导传感器可以探测到介电吸收器中单个粒子相互作用产生的声子。在非常低的温度下，由于N侧电子温度的增加，单个粒子也可以通过正常的金属-绝缘体-超导体（NIS）隧道结被检测到。由于超导能隙的小和正常到超导转变的锐度，与传统探测器相比，超导体可以实现更好的能量分辨率和对更小能量沉积的灵敏度。此外，许多材料都可以制成用于特定物理应用的探测器。概述了核粒子与x射线在超导体和电介质中相互作用的基本物理原理，综述了超导粒子探测器的研究现状。
The interaction of a nuclear particle or x-ray with a superconductor leads to the breaking of Cooper pairs and the creation of excess quasi-particles and phonons. Under certain conditions this can produce a transition from the superconducting state to the normal state which can be detected in a number of ways. In other cases the quasi-particle excitations are detected with a superconductor - insulator - superconductor (SIS) tunnel junction. The phonon excitations can also be detected with an SIS junction or arrays of SIS junctions, or with superconducting transition edge bolometers. In addition, these superconducting sensors can detect the phonons produced by individual particle interactions in dielectric absorbers. At very low temperatures individual particles can also be detected with normal metal - insulator - superconductor (NIS) tunnel junctions due to the increase in electron temperature on the N side. Because of the smallness of the superconducting energy gap and the sharpness of the normal-to-superconducting transition, better energy resolution and sensitivity to smaller energy depositions can be achieved using superconductors as compared to conventional detectors. Moreover, a wide range of materials can be made into detectors for specific physics applications. The basic physics of the interactions of nuclear particles and x-rays in superconductors and in dielectrics is outlined, and the present status of superconducting particle detectors is reviewed.