Barriers of Mucosal Entry of HIV/SIV
Barriers of Mucosal Entry of HIV/SIV
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DOI：
10.2174/1573395514666180604084404
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hope, Thomas J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Carias, Ann M.;Hope, Thomas J.
大多数新的艾滋病毒感染，超过80%，是通过性传播发生的。在性传播过程中，病毒必须绕过特定的女性和男性生殖道解剖屏障，才能遇到有活力的靶细胞。了解这些屏障排除艾滋病毒的普遍有效能力以及艾滋病毒在这些生殖器屏障之外易位的确切机制对于疫苗和新疗法的开发至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了粘膜，屏障的宫颈阴道和阴茎组织，包括女性和男性生殖道。鳞状上皮和柱状上皮的独特细胞组合突出了它们的结构和功能。每个解剖组织提供了一个独特的屏障，病毒进入健康个体。不幸的是，屏障功能障碍会导致艾滋病毒的传播。考虑了这些不同的粘膜屏障如何有可能失效，强调了那些被认为提供较弱屏障的解剖区域，并且；因此，更容易受到病毒的侵入。风险因素，如性传播感染、微生物群失调和高黄体酮环境也与艾滋病毒感染增加有关。我们讨论了这些状态如何影响粘膜屏障的完整性，从而导致HIV感染，提出了传播机制并揭示了潜在的干预目标。
Most new HIV infections, over 80%, occur through sexual transmission. During sexual transmission, the virus must bypass specific female and male reproductive tract anatomical barriers to encounter viable target cells. Understanding the generally efficient ability of these barriers to exclude HIV and the precise mechanisms of HIV translocation beyond these genital barriers is essential for vaccine and novel therapeutic development. In this review, we explore the mucosal, barriers of cervico-vaginal and penile tissues that comprise the female and male reproductive tracts. The unique cellular assemblies of the squamous and columnar epithelium are illustrated highlighting their structure and function. Each anatomical tissue offers a unique barrier to virus entry in healthy individuals. Unfortunately barrier dysfunction can lead to HIV transmission. How these diverse mucosal barriers have the potential to fail is considered, highlighting those anatomical areas that are postulated to offer a weaker barrier and are; therefore, more susceptible to viral ingress. Risk factors, such as sexually transmitted infections, microbiome dysbiosis, and high progestin environments are also associated with increased acquisition of HIV. How these states may affect the integrity of mucosal barriers leading to HIV acquisition are discussed suggesting mechanisms of transmission and revealing potential targets for intervention.